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PhD

International Students

Please check here the instructions if you are a student with international studies in order to make the necessary equivalences.



L'Arc de Triomphe

The history of the memorial arches goes back to ancient Rome. Napoleon Bonaparte also longed for one of them to immortalize his conquests around the world: the “Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile”, mute witness of contemporary French History, from the entrance of the Prussians into Paris, in 1871, until the liberation of the Nazis in 1944, through the farewell of Victor Hugo, whose coffin the arch sheltered throughout the night before his funeral, in 1885, or the two World Wars.