We did a strong effort on regional diversity (Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and North Africa) and cultural variety (including different languages, Islamic countries...).

1. Following a methodology of sample studies, we focus on a few selected countries. The post-Imperial Russia after 1917 is one of the main focus of the project. Further, we have chosen one country that obtained its independency in 1918, Poland, one that lost its independency, Egypt, one that one collapsed empire, Germany, and one that saw its territory diminished, Turkey, as a consequence of the Great War.
2. Then for the post-1989 world, we take Azerbaijan in so far as it was a new country facing new challenges. Azerbaijan gained its independence along with Georgia and Armenia in May 1918. However, during 1920 all three republics were occupied by the Red Army. In Azerbaijan itself, 1991 is marked as regain of the independence or restoration of the sovereignty. We study Poland again as a country regaining full sovereignty, Romania as a country with a violent change and last, we select re-unified Germany as an example of how different state-run IoM have been integrated.
3. In addition, Spain –which did not witness sweeping collapses in these times, but different transitions from dictatorship into democracy and vice-versa- will be objects of study in so far as it provides with helpful references, sources and criteria for the research. Especially for Spain we will focus on the prolonged imperial collapse (the Morocco conflicts, the independencies until 1975…).