Bibliografía selecta de los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología

Bibliografía de los Estudios Sociales y de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en España

La presente reseña bibliográfica consta de una breve introducción histórica donde se presentan a muy grandes rasgos las principales escuelas y corrientes que constituyen la especialidad de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología, así como los autores más importantes que las integran. (Aquellos que aparecen destacados en negrita son quienes figuran recogidos en la bibliografía). La bibliografía se compone de dos listas independientes. La primera recoge el desarrollo del campo en el ámbito internacional. La segunda reune a aquellos investigadores que en España se han interesado de manera más favorable por esta corriente o incluso se han identificado con ella.

El desarrollo de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología en los últimos venticinco años comienza con las primeras muestras de descontento con lo que se ha venido en llamar el "Paradigma Mertoniano en la Sociología de la Ciencia". Durante la primera mitad de los años setenta, los propios miembros de esta corriente muestran una creciente inquietud por estudiar la interacción entre los elementos cognitivos de la ciencia -criterios y contenidos- y la estructura social de la comunidad científica. Aunque no recogidos en este bibliografía, tanto Merton como los restantes miembros formados o próximos a la escuela de Columbia (B. Barber, J. Ben-David, J. Cole, S. Cole, D. Crane, J. Gaston, T. Gieryn, W. Hagstrom, I. Mitroff, J.D.S. Price, B. Reskin, H. Rose, S. Rose, N. Storer, R. Whitley, H. Zuckerman) participan de un movimiento de apertura con respecto a los desarrollos más ortodoxos de los años sesenta, aunque sin abandonar la orientación normativa -nomotética- que les había caracterizado. (Buenos compendios bibliográficos de esta escuela -cuyo más conspicuo representante en España es Pedro González Blasco- pueden encontrarse en Medina, 1989 y Torres, 1994).

No obstante, la apertura de los estudios sociales de la ciencia en la dirección interpretativa que regirá la especialidad en los años siguientes se desencadena como consecuencia de la importación de nuevos conceptos desarrollados en la vertiente no formalista de la Filosofía de la Ciencia (P. Feyerabend, N. Goodman, R. Hanson, I. Lakatos, S. Toulmin, W. Quine, L. Wittgenstein) y de un espíritu radicalmente opuesto al etnocentrismo -relativista- desarrollado en los estudios etnográficos (C. Geertz, P. Winch). Estas corrientes confluyen en la obra de T.S. Kuhn, cuya concepción social del quehacer científico abre la oportunidad de una explicación naturalista de los contenidos de la ciencia más allá de las propuestas de reconstrucción racional de la historia de la ciencia. En un primer momento, durante la primera mitad de los años setenta, cierto número de autores exploran las posibles implicaciones que una Sociología de la Ciencia -e incluso una atrevida Sociología del Conocimiento Científico- podrían extraer de la aportación de Kuhn. Numerosos investigadores aportaron su esfuerzo a esta empresa. Cabe citar entre ellos a R.G.A. Dolby, H.J. Kienzle, M.D. King, N. Mullins, D.L. Phillips, J. Ravetz, N. Stehr, K. Tribe, J. Urry, E. Zahar, J. Ziman (una presentación más detallada de su caso y su obra puede consultarse en Medina, 1989 e Iranzo, 1992). Junto a ellos se encontraban ya los principales impulsores de esta corriente en los próximos años. De ellos tratamos a continuación.

Los estudios sociales de la ciencia se constituyeron de una forma dispersa y fragmentaria siguiendo un modelo de "escuelas" conformadas por el trabajo cooperativo de un pequeño grupo de investigadores reunidos en una misma localización geográfica. Durante la década que va de 1975 a 1985 se constituyen formalmente y se difunden por la comunidad de especialistas los programas metodológicos, los trabajos empíricos y las controversias múltiples entre estos diversos grupos de trabajo -que, no obstante, se unen férreamente cada vez que desde otros ámbitos se pone en duda su legitimidad epistémica-.

La primera de estas escuelas en formalizar su existencia, y quizá la más renombrada entre ellas, es la creadora del Programa Fuerte en la Sociología del Conocimiento Científico formada en la Science Studies Unit de la Universidad de Edimburgo. Sus creadores, David Bloor, Barry Barnes, David Edge y Steve Shapin, han desarrollado e impulsado estudios históricos de caso apoyando una metodología naturalista e inductiva cuyo propósito es poner a prueba una Teoría de Intereses de la investigación científica. Entre otros muchos autores que han colaborado en este proyecto destacan como verdaderos discípulos de la escuela Andrew Pickering en el área de la ciencia y Donald MacKenzie en los estudios sobre la tecnología. El carácter pionero de la escuela de Edimburgo le ha acarreado el honor de ser el objetivo privilegiado de quienes se han propuesto alguna vez moderar o incluso aniquilar sus pretensiones. Apoyados principalmente en los trabajos de la antropóloga Mary Douglas y en los de la filósofa Mary Hesse (a quienes parece haberse sumado recientemente como voluntario Steve Fuchs) se han involucrado en importantes y enriquecedores controversias con autores de la talla de James R. Brown, Martin Hollis, Steve Lukes y muchos otros.

A finales de los años setenta la viabilidad de un programa de investigación naturalista del contenido de la ciencia parecía consolidada y, dejando en alguna medida de lado la historiografía, se abordaron diferentes estudios etnográficos del trabajo de los científicos en el laboratorio. Al menos seis escuelas complementarias y competitivas brotaron de esta eclosión de diferentes estudios de caso. En primer lugar, cabe hablar de la escuela de Bath, que acentúa el carácter relativista de la producción situada del conocimiento científico. Harry Collins y Trevor Pinch pueden considerarse el núcleo de esta escuela, seguidos en el ámbito de la historia por figuras como David Gooding o Peter Gallison, entre muchos otrso. En la mísma órbita relativista, pero con un énfasis acaso mayor en la dimensión ético-política de las constroversias y selecciones científicas destaca la escuela de Troy, acaudillada por Sal Restivo, con quien han colaborado Daril Chubin y Marc Zenzen.

Junto a las anteriores se desarrollaron diversas variantes locales de la que puede afirmarse ha sido la orientación más ampliamente adoptada en el campo de los estudios de la ciencia y la tecnología: la constructivista. Acaso el más conocido, por su estrecha relación con el ámbito anglosajón, es el grupo articulado en torno al Centro de Estudios de la Innovación de París, liderado por Michel Callon, Bruno Latour y John Law, y entre cuyos discípulos destacan Madelaine Akrich y Françoise Bastide. Otro grupo de similar orientación funciona en Alemania en torno a Karin Knorr-Cetina. Por último, el grupo austríaco -con una orientación más sistémica- formado en torno a figuras como Helga Nowotny y Wolfgang Krohn, destaca por su papel preponderante en la confección y difusión de uno de los órganos más importantes del campo -Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook-. Tampoco estas orientaciones han progresado exentas de controversias. Los autores mencionados han chocado con cierta oposición por parte de autores como Allan Franklin (y especialmente entre filósofos de persuasión racionalista). No obstante, estas perspectivas también han despertado comprensión, apoyo y una buena medida de adhesion entre filósofos como Steve Fuller, Ian Hacking, Richard Jennings, Thomas Nickles, Warren Schmaus, Paul Tibbets y T. Triplett.

Relativistas y constructivistas constituyen lo que se ha dado en llamar "el giro social en la teoría de la ciencia" (Iranzo, 1992). De otro lado, las etnografías del trabajo científico también han particidado de lo que, paralelamente, se ha denominado "el giro lingüístico en la teoría de la ciencia" (Cotillo-Pereira, 1995). Tres son las escuelas más importantes en este respecto. En primer lugar, la tradición de análisis del discurso centrada en York y abanderada por Nigel Gilbert y Michael Mulkay. Esta ha sido una de las tradiciones más fértiles y vitales del campo, como evidencia el número de adláteres y discípulos que han acompañado o seguido su paso; entre ellos destacan D. Anderson, Charles Bazerman, Augustinne Branningan, Jonathan Potter y Steve Yearley. Cabe señalar que de esta tradición ha surgido en parte dos desarrollos interesantes, uno orientado al estudio de los aparatos gráficos y la iconografía científica general, en cuyo estudio están destacándose autores como Gordon Fyfe y Greg Myers; y otro centrado en el estudio del papel de la retórica en la ciencia, donde se distinguido Richard Harvey Brown, Allan Gross, L.J. Prelli y Herbert Simons.

Otra rica tradición de raigambre lingüística se declara heredera de las observaciones sobre el trabajo científico de Harold Garfinkel y se auto-adscribe a la etnometodología. Su representante más destacado desde finales de los años setenta es Michael J.Lynch, a quien han seguido un amplio grupo de estudiosos donde destacan Paul Atkinson, C. Doran, E. Fuhrman, Eric Livingston, y K. Oehler. Por último, hay que mencionar a la escuela reflexivista articulada en torno a la figura de Steve Woolgar en el Centro de Investigación de la Innovación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Brunel, Londres. Entre los participantes en esta línea de trabajo destacan Malcom Ashmore y H. Lawson entre otros.

A la vista de los resultados conseguidos en el estudio del conocimiento científico la tentación de probar suerte con respecto a la tecnología, apreciada como "el caso más difícil posible". Casi todos los autores principales del campo han realizado investigaciones en este área (Collins, Pinch, MacKenzie, Mulkay, Woolgar), donde hay que reconocer el carácter pionero de los trabajos de Langdom Winner, sin olvidar la ubérrica conexión con los estudios feministas abierta por Ruth Schwartz Cowan. No obstante, los estudios sociales de la tecnología se han fragmentado asimismo en orientaciones más o menos próximas a algunas de las escuelas establecidas en el estudio de la ciencia. Los trabajos de, y reunidos por, Ian Varcoe, Maureen McNeill y Steve Yearley -producidos en el ámbito anglosajón en su mayoría- se sitúan en la órbita de los estudios relativistas de las controversias en ciencia y tecnología. A corta distancia, en el continente europeo, el acento se coloca levemente más en el enfoque constructivista y el liderazgo corresponde al ámbito neerlandés representado por Wiebe Bijker y Arie Rip. En una posición similar se encuentra Geof Bowker.

Para concluir cabe señalar que la generación más reciente de investigadores que han destacado en esta especialidad prestan escasa atención a las fronteras entre ciencia y tecnología o entre conocimiento y sociedad e investigan, más bien, cómo se generan esas diferencias en contextos prácticos y cómo se incorporan en objetos, artefactos, competencias, estratégias, actitudes, etcétera. La importante presencia de mujeres en este grupo -puede citarse a Joan Fujimura, Donna Haraway, Susan Leigh Star, Lucy Suchman y Sharon Traweek- ha aportado una sensibilida especial no sólo con respecto a la producción de diferencias de género por medio de la ciencia y la tecnología, sino también hacia otras formas de diferenciación y discriminación social.

A mediados de los años noventa puede concluirse que el área de los estudios sociales de la ciencia (que reune tanto la sociología de la comunidad científica como la sociología del conocimiento científico) y la tecnología está institucionalizada. No sólo cuenta con múltiples centros especializados donde se concentra su práctica y múltiples posiciones individuales dispersas por toda la academia occidental, sino que está expandiéndose hacia la periferia, a países como España, Hungría, etc. La comunidad cuenta con varios periódicos propios. El más antiguo e importante es Social Studies of Science, pero también Science, Technology & Human Values y Science in Context tienen un peso relevante dentro de sus respectivas especialidades y orientaciones. Con menor periodicidad, pero actuando como órganos expresivos de áreas de problemas potencialmente explotables, figuran publicaciones como Sociological Review Monograph o Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook. Otro de los rasgos peculiares del campo es la frecuencia con que se presentan compilaciones monográficas sobre un área de problemas novedosa que se abre a la investigación. Ejemplos de esto son los dedicados al poder (Law 1986), a la tecnología (Bijker, Hughes y Pinch 1987), a la reflexividad (Woolgar 1988), a la experimentación (Gooding, Schaffer y Pinch 1989) y a las prácticas de representación (Lynch y Woolgar 1990) entre muchos otros.

Por último, hay que señalar que parece haber una pequeña tradición en el área consistente en producir aproximadamente cada diez años un reader que sirve como barómetro de su propia situación como especialidad. Los libros Estudios sobre Sociología de la ciencia (Barnes, 1972a), Science Observed (Knorr-Cetina y Mulkay, 1983a) y Science as Practice and Culture (Pickering, 1992a) marcan los momentos del inicio de la quiebra del mertonianismo, la consolidación de los estudios etnográficos (constructivistas y discursivistas) de la ciencia y, con la maduración de una nueva generación. la consolidación del área en una pragmática y dinámica posición interdisciplinar, interobjetual e intermetodológica.

Para concluir, una referencia a la situación de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología en España. La sensibilidad hacia esta especialidad ha calado con cierta profundidad en algunos de los más dinámicos miembros senior de nuestra academia, significadamente en Miguel Beltrán y Emilio Lamo de Espinosa. Otros investigadores y profesores que en época reciente han participado activamente en la investigación en, y la promoción de, este campo han sido Teresa González De la Fe y Ramón Ramos con una aproximación teórica y Emmanuel Lizcano desde una perspectiva histórica. Sin embargo, es imposible hablar de este ámbito sin resucitar la memoria del malogrado Estaban Medina, quien puso en marcha el primer grupo de trabajo especializado en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Discípulos directos suyos son J. Rubén Blanco, Javier Bustamante, Alberto Cotillo-Pereira, Juan M. Iranzo y Cristobal Torres. Este grupo sigue activo y vinculado a las universidades de Madrid. De otro lado, en otros ámbitos institucionales y territoriales han surgido iniciativas y desarrollos de una calidad muy importante. Álvar Álvarez, Antonio Martínez y Roberto Méndez en la Universidad de Barcelona, José Luis Luján en el Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (CSIC) de Madrid, Mikel Olazarán en la Universidad del País Vasco y Rafael Pardo en la Universidad Pública Navarra han avanzado de manera significativa en la producción de estudios sociales de la innovación científica y tecnológica, del papel de la ciencia y la tecnología en los ámbitos públicos y de su dinámica propia.

El dinamismo de esta pequeña comunidad y el creciente interés por sus trabajos se manifiesta en el creciente número de tesis doctorales nacidas de este enfoque y, sobre todo, en la publicación reciente de diversos números monográficos dedicados a sus investigaciones clásicas y presentes (como, sin ir más lejos, el que el lector tiene ahora  mismo entre sus manos) así como en la aparición de varios textos en los que puede apoyarse su conocimiento y difusión. Las perspectivas de futuro, con todas sus dificultades e incertidumbres, no son desalentadoras. Acaso se haya constituido ya la masa crítica suficiente para interesar a la comunidad científica española en el estudio reflexivo de sus propias prácticas de construcción de realidad.

AKRICH, M. (1992a): "The De-Scription of Technical Objects", en W.E. Bijker y J. Law (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society. Studies in Sociotechnical Change, p. 205-224. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK) The MIT Press.
 AKRICH, M. (1992b): "User's representations: practices, methods and sociology", en A. Rip, T. Misa y J. Shot (eds.) Managing Tecnology in Society. New Forms for the Control of Technology. Cambridge: C.U.P.
 AKRICH, M. (1993): "Essay on Technosociology: a Gasogene in Costa Rica", en P. Lemonier (dir.) Technological Choices. Transformation in Material Cultures since the Neolithic. Londres: Routledge.
 AKRICH, M. y LATOUR, B. (1992): "A Summary of a Convenient Vocabulary for the Semiotics of Human and Nonhuman Assemblies", en W.E. Bijker y J. Law (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society. Studies in Sociotechnical Change, p. 259-264. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK) The MIT Press.
 AKRICH, M. y LAW, J. (1994): "On Customers and Costs: a Story from Public Sector Science" Science in Context, 7.
 ANDERSON, D.C. (1978): "Some organizational features in the local production of a plausible text" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 8:113-35.
- (1986): "Literary aspects of sociological redescription: A comment on papers by Mulkay and Gilbert and O'Neill" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 16:83-88.
 ASHMORE, M. (1988): "The life and opinions of a replication claim: Reflexivity and symmetry in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge" en S. Woolgar (ed.) Knowledge & Reflexivity, p.125-154. Londres: Sage.
- (1989): The Reflexive Thesis. Wrighting Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- (1993): "The Theatre of the Blind: Starring a Promethean Prankster, a Phoney Phenomenon, a Prism, a Pocket, and a Piece of Wood", Social Studies of Science, 23: 37-65.
 ASHMORE, M., MULKAY, M.J. y PINCH, T.J. (1989): Health And Efficiency: A Sociology of Health Economics. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
 ATKINSON, P. (1988): "Ethnomethodology: A critical review" Annual Review of Sociology 14:441-65.
- (1990): The Ethnographic Imagination. Textual Construction of Reality. Londres: Routledge.

BARNES, B. (1969): "Paradigms-Scientific and Social", MAN, 4: 94-102.
- (1971): "Making out in Industrial Research", Science Studies, 1: 157-175.
- (ed.) (1972a): Estudios sobre Sociología de la Ciencia, Madrid, Alianza ed., 1980.
- (1972b): "Sobre la Recepción de las Creencias Científicas" en B. Barnes (ed.): Estudios sobre Sociología de la Ciencia, Madrid, Alianza ed., (1980).
- (1972c): "Sociological Explanation and Natural Science: A kuhnian reappraisal", European Journal of Sociology, 13: 373-393.
- (1973): "The Comparison of Belief Systems: Anomaly versus Falsehood", en Horton y Finnegan (eds.): Modes of Thought, Londres, Faber.
- (1974): Scientific Knowledge and Sociological Theory, Londres, R.K.P..
- (1976): "Natural Rationality: a Neglected Concept in the Social Sciences", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 6: 115-126.
- (1977): Interests and the Growth of Knowledge, Londres: R.K.P..
- (1979): "Vicissitudes of Belief", Social Studies of Science, 9: 247-263.
- (1981a): "On the Conventional Character of Knowledge and Cognition", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11: 303-333.
- (1981b): "On the 'Hows' and 'Whys' of Cultural Change", Social Studies of Science, 11: 481-498.
- (1982a): T.S. Kuhn y las Ciencias Sociales, México, F. C. E., 1986.
- (1982b): "On the Extensions of Concepts and the Growth of Knowledge", Sociological Review, 30: 23-44.
- (1982c): "On the Implications of a Body of Knowledge" Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion and Innovation, 4: 95-110
- (1982d): "The Science-Technology Relationship: A Model and a Query", Social Studies of Science, 12: 166-172.
- (1983): "Social Life as Bootstrapped Induction", Sociology, 17: 524-545.
- (1984a): "Problems of Intelligibility and Paradigm Instances", en R. Brown (ed.): Scientific Rationality: The Sociological Turn, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1984b): "Mainly on 'Mechanism'", Sociology, 18: 406-410.
- (1985a): Sobre Ciencia, Barcelona, Labor, 1987.
- (1985b): "Thomas S. Kuhn", en Skinner (ed.): The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences, Cambridge, C. U. P.
- (1985c): "Ethnomethodology as Science", Social Studies of Science, 15: 751-762.
- (1986): "On Authority and its Relationship to Power", en J. Law (ed.): Power, Action and Belief, Sociological Review Monograph, 32.
- (1987): "La Aplicación de Conceptos como Actividad Social", en L. Olive (ed.): Racionalidad, México, Siglo XXI, (1988).
- (1988): La Naturaleza del Poder, Barcelona, Pomares-Corredor, 1990.
- (1989a): "Ostensive Learning and Self-Referring Knowledge", en Gellatly, Rogers y Sloboda (eds.): Cognition and Social Worlds, Oxford, Open University Press.
- (1989b): "History of Science and Sociology of Knowledge", en Ito y Murakami (eds.): History of Science, vol. 2: Tokyo, Baifukan.
- (1990a): "Sociological Theories of Scientific Knowledge", en Cantor et al. (eds.) Companion to the History of Modern Science. Londres: R.K.P..
- (1990b): "Macroeconomic and Infantil Behaviour: a Sociological Treatement for the Free-rider Problem", Sociological Review, 38: 272-292.
- (1991a): "How not to do the Sociology of  Knowledge", Annals of Scholarship, 8: 321-335.
- (1991b): "Realism, Relativism and Finitism" en Raven, Thyssen y de Wolf (eds.): Cognitive Relativism and Society, Londres, Croom Helm.
- (1993-4): "Cómo hacer sociología del conocimiento", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 9-19.
 BARNES, B. y DOLBY, R. G. A. (1970): "The Scientific Ethos: A Deviant Viewpoint", Archives of European Sociology, 11: 3-25.
 BARNES, B. y LAW, J. (1976): "Whatever Should Be Done with Indexical Expressions?", Theory and Society, 3: 223-237.
 BARNES, B. y SHAPIN, S. (1977): "Where is the Edge of Objectivity?", British Journal for the History of Science, 10: 61-66.
 BARNES, B. y SHAPIN, S. (eds.) (1979): Natural Order, Londres, SAGE.
 BARNES, B. y MACKENZIE, D. (1979): "On the Role of Interests in Scientific Change", en Wallis (ed.): On the Margins of Science: The Social Construction of Rejected Knowledge, Sociological Monograph Review. Reidel, Dordrecht.
 BARNES, B. y EDGE, D. (eds.) (1982): Science in Context. Readings in the Sociology of Science, Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
 BARNES, B. y BLOOR, D. (1982): "Relativism, Rationality and the Sociology of Knowledge", en M. Hollis y S. Lukes (eds.): Rationality and Relativism, Oxford, Blackwell.
 BARNES, B., BLOOR, D. y HENRY, J. (1993): Scientific Knowledge: A Sociological Analysis, Londres, Harvester Press.
 BASTIDE, F. (1990): "The Iconography of Scientific Texts: Principles of Analysis", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 187-229. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 BAZERMAN, C. (1981) "What written knowledge does: Three examples of academic discourse" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 11:361-387.
 BAZERMAN, C. y PARADIS, J. (eds.) (1991): Textual Dynamics of the Professions. Historical and Contemporary Studies of Writing in Professional Communities. Madison, Wis.: The University of Wisconsin Press.
 BIJKER, W.E (1987): "The Social Construction of Bakelite: Toward a Theory of Invention", en W.E. Bijker, T.P. Hughes y T.J. Pinch (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, p. 159-187.  Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1992): "The Social Construction of Fluorescent Lighting, or How an Artifact Was Invented in Its Diffusion Stage", en W.E. Bijker y J. Law (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society. Studies in Sociotechnical Change, p. 75-102. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK) The MIT Press.
- (1993a): Bikes, Bakelite, and Bulbs. Steps Toward a Theory of Socio-Technical Change. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1993b): "Do not Despair: There is Life after Constructivism", Science, Technology & Human Values, 18: 113-138.
 BIJKER, W.E y LAW, J. (eds.) (1992a): Shaping Technology/Building Society. Studies in Sociotechnical Change. Cambridge (SA) y Londres (UK): The MIT Press.
- (1992b): "Postscript: Technology, Stability, and Social Theory",  en W.E. Bijker y J. Law (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society. Studies in Sociotechnical Change, p. 290-308. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK) The MIT Press.
 BIJKER, W.E., HUGHES, T.P. y PINCH, T.J. (eds.) (1987): The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 BLOOR, D. (1971a): "Two Paradigms for Scientific Knowledge?", Science Studies, 1: 101-115.
- (1971b): "The Dialectics of Metaphor", Inquiry, 14: 430-444.
- (1973a): "Wittgenstein and Mannheim on the Sociology of Mathematics", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 4: 173-191.
- (1973b): "Are Philosophers Averse to Science?", en Edge y Wolfe (eds.): Meaning and Control, Tavistock Publications, Londres.
- (1974a): "Popper's Mystification of Objective Knowledge", Science Studies, 4: 65-76.
- (1974b): "Rearguard Rationalism", ISIS, 65: 249-253.
- (1975a): "Epistemology or Psychology?", Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 5: 382-395.
- (1975b): "A Philosophical Approach to Science", Social Studies of Science, 5: 507-517.
- (1976): Knowledge and Social Imagery, Londres, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- (1978): "Polyhedra and the Abominations of Leviticus", British Journal for the History of Science, 11: 245-272.
- (1981a): "The Strengths of the Strong Programme", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11: 199-213.
- (1982a): "Durkheim and Mauss Revisited: Classification and the Sociology of Knowledge", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 13: 267-298.
- (1982b): "A Reply to G. Buchdahl", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 13: 305-312.
- (1982c): "Reply to Steven Lukes", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 13: 319-324.
- (1983a): Wittgenstein: A Social Theory of Knowledge, Londres, MacMillan.
- (1983b): "Book review on Wittgenstein on rules and private language: An elementary exposition by Saul A. Kripke". Sociological Review 31(4):778-81.
- (1984a): "The Sociology of Reasons: Or Why 'Epistemic Factors' are Really 'Social Factors', en Brown (ed.): Scientific Rationality: The Sociological Turn, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1984b): "A Sociological Theory of Objectivity", en Brown (ed.): Objectivity and Cultural Divergence, Cambridge, C. U. P.
- (1984c): "Reply to Smith", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 15: 237-243.
- (1985): "Book review on Humanist Marxism and Wittgensteinian Social Philosophy by Susan M. Easton". Sociological Review 33(3):580-2.
- (1986b): "Some Determinants in Cognitive Style in Science", en Cohen y Schnelle (eds.): Cognition and Fact-Materials on Ludwick Fleck, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1987): "The Living Foundations of Mathematics", Social Studies of Science, 17: 337-358.
- (1988): "Rationalism, Supernaturalism, and the Sociology of Knowledge", en I. Hronsky, M. Feher y B. Dajka (eds.) Scientific Knowledge Socialised. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
- (1989b): "Prof. Campbell on Models of Language Learning and the Sociology of Science: A Reply", en Fuller et al. (eds.): The Cognitive Turn, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1990): "Review of Woolgar 'Knowledge and Reflexivity´, ISIS, 81: 155-156.
- (1991a): Knowledge and Social Imagery, (2_ Edition), Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
- (1991b): "Wittgenstein lectures". Social Studies of Science, 21(3):374-6.
- (1992a): "Left and Right Wittgensteinians", en Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, Chicago, Ch. U. P.
- (1992b): "Ordinary Human Inference as Material for the Sociology of Knowledge", Social Studies of Science, 22: 129-139.
- (1993): "Cognitive Models of Science", Social Studies of Science, 23: 743-757.
- (1993-4): "¿Qué Puede Decir el Sociólogo del Conocimiento de 2+2=4?", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 67-75.
 BOWKER, G. (1987): "A Well-Ordered Reality: Aspects of the Development of Schlumberger, 1920-1939". Social Studies of Science, 17:611:655.
- (1989a): "Los orígenes del uniformitarismo de Lyell: hacia una nueva geología", en M. Serres (ed.) Historia de las ciencias, p. 437-457. Madrid: Cátedra, 1992.
- (1989b): "El auge de la investigación industial", en M. Serres (ed.) Historia de las ciencias, p. 527-551. Madrid: Cátedra, 1992.
- (1993): "How to be Universal: Some Cybernetic Strategies, 1943-1970", Social Studies of Science, 23: 107-127.
 BRANNIGAN, A. (1981a): The Social Basis of Scientific Discovery, Cambridge, C.U.P.
- (1981b): "The Phenomenon of Multiple Discoveries and the Re-publication of Mendel's Work in 1900" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 11:263-276.
- (1989): "Artificial Intelligence and the Attributional Model of Scientific Discovery", Social Studies of Science, 19: 601-613.
 BRANNIGAN, A. y WANNER, R.A. (1983): "Historical distributions of multiple discoveries and theories of scientific change. Social Studies of Science 13(3):417-35.
 BROWN, J. R. (ed.) (1984a): Scientific Rationality: The Sociological Turn, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1984b): "Introduction: The Sociological Turn", in J.R. Brown (ed.) (1984a): Scientific Rationality: The Sociological Turn, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1989): The Rational and the Social, London, R. K. P.
 BROWN, R.H. (1977): A poetic for Sociology. Toward a Logic of Discovery for the Human Sciences. Chicago: U.Ch.P..
- (1987): Society as Text. Essays on Rhetoric, Reason, and Reality. Chicago: U.Ch.P..
- (1989): Social Science as Civic Discourse. Essays on the Invention, Legitimation, and Uses of Social Theory. Chicago: U.Ch.P..

CALLON, M. (1980a): "The State and Technical Innovation: a Case Study of the Electrical Vehicle in France", Research Policy, 9: 358-376.
- (1980b): "Struggles and negotiations to define what is problematic and what is not", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R.Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook IV. p. 197-219. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1986a) "Some Elements For a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St-Brieuc Bay" en  J. Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? p.196-223. Londres: Sociological Review Monograph: R.K.P..
- (1986b): "The Sociology of an actor-network: The case of the electric vehicle", en M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology. p.19-34..Basingstoke & Londres: Macmillan
- (1986c): "Pinpointing Industrial Invention: An Exploration of Quantitative Methos for the Analysis of Patents", en M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology. p.163-188. Basingstoke & Londres: Macmillan
- (1987): "Society in the Making: the Study of Technology as a Tool for Sociological Analysis", en W. Bijker, T. Hughes y T. Pinch (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems. p.83-103. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (ed.) (1989): La science et ses réseaux. Paris, La Découverte.
- (1991): "Techno-economic Networks and Irreversibility" en J. Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters, Sociological Review Monograph,. p. 132-161. Londres: Routledge.
- (1992a): "The dynamics of Techno-economic Networks" en R. Coombs, P. Saviotti y V. Walsch (eds.) Technological Change and company Strategies. Londres: Academic Press Ltd.
- (1992b): "Technological Conception and Adoption Networks:lessons for the CTA practitionner" en A. Rip, T. Misa y J. Shot (eds.) Managing Technology in Society. New Forms for the Control of Technology. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- (1994a): "Four Models for the Dynamics of Science", en J. Petersen, G. Markle, S. Jasanoff y T. Pinch (eds.) Handbook of Science and Technology Study. Londres: Sage.
- (1994b): "Is Science a Public Good?" Science, Technology & Human Values, 19:395-424.
- (1995a): Socio-économie de l'Innovation. Paris, La Découverte.
- (1995b): Recherche et innovation en France. Paris, La Découverte.
 CALLON, M., COURTIAL, J-P. y LAVILLE, F. (1991): "Co-word Analysis as a Tool for Describing the Network of Interactions between Technological Research: the Case of Polymer Chemistry", Scientometrics, 22:153-203.
 CALLON, M., COURTIAL, J-P. y PENAN, H. (1993): La Scientométrie. Paris: P.U.F..
 CALLON, M., COURTIAL, J-P. y TURNER, W. (1986): "Future Developments", en M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology. p.211-217. Basingstoke & Londres: Macmillan.
 CALLON, M., COURTIAL, J-P., TURNER, W. y BAUIN, S. (1983): "From translations to problematic networks: An introduction to co-word analysis", Social Science Information, 22:191-235.
 CALLON, M., LAREDO, P., MAGUIN, P. y VINCK, D. (1989). L'evaluation des programmes publcs de recheche. Le cas du programme communautaire Energies Non-Nucléaire. Namur: Presses Universitaires.
 CALLON, M. y LATOUR, B. (1981): "Unscrewing the Big Leviathan: How actors macro-structure reality and how sociologists help them to do so", en K. Knorr y A. Cicourel, Advances in Social Theory and Methodologyu: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies. p. 277-303. Londres: R.K.P..
- (1992): "Don t Throw the Baby Out with the Bath School! A Reply to Collins and Yearley", in Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 343-368. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 CALLON, M., LATOUR, B. y ARVANITIS, R. (1986). L'evaluation des politiques publiques de la recherche. Paris: La Documentation Française.
 CALLON, M. y LAW, J. (1982): "On Interests and their Transformation: Enrolment and Counter-Enrolment", Social Studies of Science, 12: 615-625.
- (1989): "On the Construction of Sociotechnical Networks: Content and Context Revisited", Knowledge and Society.
 CALLON, M., LAW, y J. RIP, A. (eds.) (1986a): Mapping the Dynamics of  Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World. Londres: MacMillan.
- (1986b): "How to Study the Force of Science", M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World. p. 3-15. Londres: MacMillan.
- (1986c): "Qualitative Scientometrics", M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World. p. 103-123. Londres: MacMillan.
- (1986d): "Putting texts in their place", M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World. p. 221-230. Londres: MacMillan.
 COLLINS, H.M. (1974): "The TEA set: Tacit knowledge and scientific networks" Science Studies, 4:165-85.
- (1975): "The seven sexes: A study in the sociology of a phenomenon, or the replication of experiments in physics" Sociology, 9:205-24.
- (1979): "The investigation of frames of meaning in science: Complementarity and compromise" The Sociological Review, 27:703-18.
- (1981a): "The place of the "core-set" in modern science: Social contingency with methodological propriety in science. History of Science, 19:6-19.
- (1981b): "Stages in the empirical programme of relativism" Social Studies of Science 11:3-10.
- (1981c): "The son of seven sexes: The social destruction of a physical phenomenon" Social Studies of Science 11:33-62.
- (1981d): "What is TRASP?: The Radical Programme as a Methodological Imperative", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11: 215-224.
- (1981e): "Understanding Science", Fundamenta Scientiae, 2: 367-380.
- (1982a): "Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks", en Barnes y Edge (eds.) Science in Context. p. 44-64. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
- (1982b): "The Replication of Experiments in Physics", en Barnes y Edge (eds.) Science in Context. p. 94-116. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
- (1982c): "Special relativism -The natural attitude"  Social Studies of Science 12:139-43.
- (1982d): "Knowledge, Norms and Rules in the Sociology of Science", Social Studies of Science, 12: 299-309.
- (1983a): "An empirical relativist programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge", en K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.) Science Observed, p. 85-113. Londres: Sage.
- (1983b): "The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge: Studies of Contemporary Science", Annual Review of Sociology, 9: 265-285.
- (1984): "When do scientists prefer to vary their experiments?" Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 15:169-74.
- (1985): Changing Order: Replication and Induction in Scientific Practice, London, SAGE.
- (1987a): "Expert Systems and the Science of Knowledge", en W. Bijker, T. Hughes y T. Pinch (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems. p.329-348. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1987b): "Extended Review: Pumps, Rock and Reality", Sociological Review, 35: 819-828.
- (1987b): "Misunderstanding replication?", Social Studies of Science, 17:451-459.
- (1989): "Computers and the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge", Social Studies of Science, 19: 613-624.
- (1990a): Artificial Experts: Social Knowledge and Intelligent Machines, Cambridge (MA), MIT. Press.
- (1990b): "Learning through Enculturation", en Gellatly, Rogers y Sloboda (eds.): Cognition and Social Worlds, Oxford, Open University Press.
- (1991a): "Captives and Victims: Comment on Scott, Richards and Martin", Science, Technology and Human Values, 16: 249-251.
- (1991b): "AI-VEY!: Response to Slezak", Social Studies of Science, 21:201-203.
- (1992): "Hubert Drewyfus, Forms of Life, and a Simple Test for Machine Intelligence", Social Studies of Science, 22: 726-739.
- (1993): "The Structure of Knowledge", Social Research, 60: 95-116.
- (1994a): "Dissecting Surgery: Forms of Life Depersonalized", Social Studies of Science, 24: 311-333.
- (1994b): "Scene from Afar", Social Studies of Science, 24: 369-389.
 COLLINS, H. M. y COX, G. (1976): "Recovering Relativity: Did Prophecy Fail?", Social Studies of Science, 6: 423-444.
- (1977): "Relativity revisited: Mrs. Keech -A suitable case for special treatment?", Social Studies of Science 7:372-80.
 COLLINS, H.M. y PINCH, T.J. (1979): "The construction of the paranor mal: Nothing unscientific is happening", en  R. Wallis (ed.): On the Margins of Science, p. 237-70. Keele, U.K.P.
- (1982): Frames of Meaning. The Social Construction of Extraordinary Science. Londres: R.K.P.
- (1993): The Golem. What Everyone Should Know about Science. Cambridge: C.U.P.
 COLLINS, H. M. y SHAPIN, S. (1989): "Experiment, Science Teaching, and the New History and Sociology of Science", in Shortland and Warwick (eds.): Teaching the History of Science, London, Blackwell.
 COLLINS, H. M. y YEARLEY, S. (1992a): "Epistemological Chicken", in A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 301-326. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
- (1992b): "Journey into Space", in A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 369-389. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 COWAN, R.S. (1979): "From Virginia Dare to Virginia Slims: Women and Technology in Américan Life", Technology & Culture, 20:51-63.
- (1983): More Work for Mother. The Ironies of Household Technologies from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. Nueva York: Basic Books.
- (1987): "The Consumption Junction: A proposal for Research Strategies in the Sociology of Technology", en W. Bijker, T. Hughes y T. Pinch (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems. p.261-280. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.

CHUBIN, D. E. (1976): "The conceptualization of scientific specialties" The Sociological Quarterly 17:448-476.
CHUBIN, D. E. y RESTIVO, S. (1983): "The "Mooting" of Science Studies: Research Programmes and Science Policy", in K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.): Science Observed, P. 53-83. London, SAGE.
CHUBIN, D. E. y STUDER, K.E. (1978): "The politics of cancer" Theory and Society 6:55-74.

DAVIS, M. S. (1971): "That s Interesting!", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 1: 309-344.
 DOLBY, R.G.A. (1971): "Sociology of Knowledge in Natural Science", Science Studies, 1:3-21.
- (1974): "In Defense of a Social Criterion of Scientific Objectivity", Science Studies, 4: 187-190.
- (1975): "What can we usefully learn from the Velikovsky affair?" Social Studies of Science 5:165-75.
- (1977): "The transmission of science" History of Science 15:1-43.
 DORAN, C. (1989a): "Jumping Frames: Reflexivity and Recursion in the Sociology of Science", Social Studies of Science, 19: 515-531.
- (1989b): "Grasping Reflexivity", Social Studies of Science, 19: 755-759.
 DOUGLAS, M. (1966): Pureza y Peligro: Un Análisis de los Conceptos de Contaminación y Tabú, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 1991.
- (1970): Símbolos Naturales, Madrid, Alianza, 1988.
- (1973): Rules and Meaning: The Anthropology of Everyday Knowledge, New York, Penguin.
- (1975): Implicit Meanings, London, R. K. P.
- (1979): Cultural Bias, London, Royal Anthropological Society, (Occasional Paper, n_ 34).
- (ed.) (1982a): Essays in the Sociology of Perception, London, R.K.P.
- (1982b): "Introduction to Grid/Group Analysis", en M. Douglas (ed.): Essays in the Sociology of Perception, London, R.K.P.
- (1986): "The Social Preconditions of Radical Skepticism" en  J. Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? Sociological Review Monograph, 32: 62-87. Londres: R.K.P..
- (1989): "The Background of the Grid Dimension: A Comment", Sociological Analysis, 50: 171-176.
- (1995): "Acceptance of the J.D. Bernal Price", Science, Technology & Human Values, 20: 262-266.
 DOUGLAS, M. y HULL, D. (eds) (1992): How Classification Works: Nelson Goodman and the Social Sciences. Edimburgo: E.U.P.
 DOUGLAS, M. y ISHERWOOD, B. (1979): The World of Goods: Towards an Anthropology of Consumption. Londres: Allen Lane

EDGE, D.O. (1979): "Quantitative measures of communication in science: A critical review" History of Science 17:102-134.
- (1987): "The Science Studies Unit Edinburgh University", Conference on the State of S.T.S., Worcester, 4S and WPI.
- (1988): "Twenty Years of Science in Edinbuegh", en E. Mayer (ed.) Ordnung. Rationalisierung, Kontrolle, p. 17-29. Darmstadt: Technische Hochschule.
- (1994): "Acceptance of the J.D. Bernal Prize: On Keeping Bouncing", Science, Technology & Human Values, 19: 366-385.
 EDGE, D.O. y MULKAY, M.J. (1979): "Radio astronomy revisited: Some criticisms" The Sociological Review 27:371-377.

FRANKLIN, A. (1986): The Neglect of Experiment. Cambridge: C.U.P..
- (1989): "The Epistemology of Experiment", en D. Gooding, T.J. Pinch y S. Schaffer (eds.) The Uses of Experiment, p. 437-460. Cambridge: C.U.P.
 FRANKLIN, A. y HOWSON, A. (1984): "Why do scientists prefer to vary their experiments?" Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 15:51-62.
 FUCHS, S. (1992a): The Professional Quest for Truth: A Social Theory of Science and Knowledge, Albany (NY.), SUNY Press.
- (1992b): Relativism and Reflexivity in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge", en G. Ritzer (ed.) Metatheorizing. Londres: Sage.
- (1993): "A Sociological Theory of Scientific Change", Social Forces, 71: 933-953.
 FUHRMAN, E. R. (1984): "Alvin Gouldner and the sociology of knowledge: Three significant problem shifts" The Sociological Quarterly 25:287-300.
 FUHRMAN, E. R. y OEHLER, K. (1986): "Discourse Analysis and Reflexivity", Social Studies of Science, 16: 293-307.
- (1987): "Reflexivity Redux: Reply to Potter", Social Studies of Science, 17: 177-181.
 FUJIMURA, J.H. (1987): "Constructing Doable Problems in Cancer Research: Articulating Alignment", Social Studies of Science, 17: 257-293.
- (1988): "The Molecular Genetic Bandwagon  in Cancer Research: Where the Social Worlds Meet", Social Problems, 35: 261-283.
- (1991): "On Methods, Ontologies, and Representation in the Sociology of Science: Where Do We Stand?", en D. Maines (ed.) Social Organization and Social Process. Hawthorne (NY): Aldine de Grutyer.
- (1992): "Crafting Science: Standarized Packages, Boundary Objects, and Translation", en A. Pickering (ed.) Science as Practice and Culture, p. 168-211. Chicago y Londres: U.Ch.P..
 FUJIMURA, J.H., STAR, S.L. y GERSON, E.M. (1987): "Research Methods in the Sociology of Science and Technology: Work, Pragmatism, and Symbolic Interactionism" Cahiers de Recherche Sociologique, 5:65-85.
 FULLER, S. (1988): Social Epistemology, Bloomington (IN), I.U.P.
- (1989a): Philosophy of Science and Its Discontents. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press.
- (1989b): "Beyond the Rhetoric of Anti-theory: Towards a Revisionist Interpretation of Critical Legal Studies", en H.W. Simons (ed.) Rethoric in the Human Sciences, p. 133-151. Londres: Sage.
- (1989c): "Back to Descartes? The very idea!" Social Studies of Science 19:357-60.
- (1990a): "Why Epistemology Just Might Be(come) Sociology", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 20: 99-109.
- (1990b): "They Shoot Dead Horses, Don't They?: Philosophical Fear and Sociological Loathing in St. Louis", Social Studies of Science, 20: 664-681.
- (1991a): "Is relativism obsolete?" Science Studies 4:5-16.
- (1991b): "Is History and Philosophy of Science Withering on the Vine?", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 21: 149-174.
- (1991c): "Social Epistemology and the Brave New World of Science and Technology Studies", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 21: 232-244.
- (1992): "Social Epistemology and the Research Agenda of Science Studies", en A. Pickering (ed.) Science as Practice and Culture, p. 390-428. Chicago y Londres: U.Ch.P..
- (1994): "The Reflexive Politics of Constructivism", History of the Human Sciences, 7:87-93.
- (1995): "Is There Life for Sociological Theory After the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge?", Social Studies of Science, 25: 159-166.
 FULLER, S., De MEYT, M., SHINN, T. y WOOLGAR, S. (eds.) (1989): The Cognitive Turn. Sociological and Psychological Perspectives on Science. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook XIII. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
 FYFE, G.J. (1986): "Art Exhibitions and Power during the Nineteenth-Century" en  J. Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? Sociological Review Monograph, 32: 20-45. Londres: R.K.P..
- (1988): "Art and Its Objects: William Ivins and the Reproduction of Art", en G.J. Fyfe y J. Law (eds.) Picturing Power. Sociological Review Monograph, 35: 65-99. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.
 FYFE, G.J. y LAW, J. (eds.) (1988a) Picturing Power. Sociological Review Monograph, 35. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.
- (1988b): "on the Invisibility of the Visual: Editor's Introduction", en G.J. Fyfe y J. Law (eds.) Picturing Power. Sociological Review Monograph, 35: 1-14. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.

GALISON, P. (1987): How Experiments End, Chicago, U.Ch.P.
- (1988): "History, philosophy, and the central metaphor" Science in Context, 2:197-212.
 GALISON, P. y ASSMUS, A. (1989): "Artificial Clouds, Real Particles", en D. Gooding, T.J. Pinch y S. Schaffer (eds.) The Uses of Experiment, p. 225-274. Cambridge: C.U.P.
 GARFINKEL, H. (1984[1967]): Studies in Ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
 GARFINKEL, H., LYNCH, M.J. y LIVINGSTON, E. (1981): "The work of a discovering science constructed with materials from the optically discovered pulsar" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 11:131-58.
 GILBERT, G.N. (1976a): "The development of science and scientific knowledge: The case of radar meteor research", en G. Lemaine, R. MacLeod, M. Mulkay y P. Weingart. Perspectives on the Emergence of Scientific Disciplines. Paris: Mouton.
- (1976b): "The transformation of research findings into scientific knowledge" Social Studies of Science 6:281-306.
- (1977a): "Competition, differentiation and careers in science" Social Science Information 16:103-23.
- (1977b): "Referencing as persuasion" Social Studies of Science 7:113-22.
- (1980): "Being interviewed: A role analysis" Social Science Information 19:227-36.
 GILBERT, G.N. y ABELL, P. (1983): Accounts and Action. Aldershot:  Gower.
 GILBERT, G.N. y MULKAY, M.J. (1980): " Contexts of scientific discourse: Social accounting in experimental papers", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R.Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook IV. p. 269-284. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1982): "Warranting scientific belief" Social Studies of Science 12:383-408.
- (1984a): "Experiments are the Key: Participants' Histories and Historians' Histories of Science" ISIS 75:105-125.
- (1984b): Opening Pandora's Box. A Sociological Analysis of Scientists' Discourse. Cambridge: C.U.P.
 GILBERT, G.N. y WOOLGAR, S. (1974): "The quantitative study of science: An examination of the literature" Science Studies 4:279-94.
 GOODING, D. (1985): "Experiment and the Concept Formation in Electromagnetic Science in England in the 1820's", History & Technology, 2: 151-176.
- (1989): "`Magnetic curves´ and the Magnetic Field: Experimentation and Representation in the History of a Theory", en D. Gooding, T.J. Pinch y S. Schaffer (eds.) The Uses of Experiment, p. 182-223. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- (1990): Experiment and the Making of Meaning, Dordrecht, Kluwer.
- (1991): "Putting Agency Back into Experiment" en Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 65-112. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 GOODING, D., SCHAFFER, S. y PINCH, T.J. (eds.) (1989): The Uses of Experiment. Cambridge: C.U.P.
 GROSS, A.G. (1989): "The rhetorical invention of scientific invention: The emergence and transformation of a social norm", en H.W. Simons (ed.) Rethoric in the Human Sciences, p. 89-107. Londres: Sage.
- (1990): "Persuasion and peer review in science: Habermas's ideal speech situation applied" History of the Human Sciences 3:195-209.

HACKING, I. (ed.) (1981): Scientific Revolutions. Oxford: O.U.P.
- (1982): "Language, Truth and Reason", en M. Hollis y S. Lukes (eds.): Rationality and Relativism, p. 48-66. Oxford, Blackwell.
- (1983): Representing and Intervening. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- (1984): "Wittgenstein Rules", Social Studies of Science, 14: 469-476.
- (1991): "Artificial Phenomena", British Journal for the History of Science, 24: 235-241.
- (1992): "The Self-Vindication of the Laboratory Sciences" en A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 29-64. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 HARAWAY, D. (1986): Crystals, Fabrics and Fields: Metaphors of Organicism in Twentieth.Century Developmental Biology. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press.
- (1989): Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science. Nueva York: Routledge.
- (1991): Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. Londres: Free Association Books.
 HESSE, M.B. (1966): Models and Analogies in Science, Notre Dame (IN), U.N.D.P.
- (1970a): "Is there an Independent Observation Language?", in Colodny (ed.): The Nature and Function of Scientific Theories, Pittsburgh (ILL), U.P.P.
- (1970b): "Duhem, Quine and a New Empiricism", in Royal Institute of Philosophy Lectures: Knowledge and Necessity, London, MacMillan.
- (1970d): "Hermeticism and Historiography: An Apology for the Internal History of Science", in Stuewer (ed.): Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Science, Minneapolis (MN), U. M. P.
- (1974): The Structure of Scientific Inference, Berkeley (CA), U.C.P.
- (1980a): Revolutions and Reconstructions in the Philosophy of Science, Brighton, Harvester Press.
- (1982): "Comments on the Papers of David Bloor and Steven Lukes", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 13: 325-331.
- (1988): "Theories, Familiy Resemblances and Analogy", en D.H. Helman (ed.) Analogical Reasoning. Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitives Science and Philosophy, p. 317-340. Kluwer.
 HESSE, M.B. y ARBIB, M.A. (1986): "The Construction of Reality. Cambridge: C.U.P..
 HOLLIS, M. (1967a): "The Limits of Irrationality", European Journal of Sociology, 7: 265-271.
- (1967b): "Reason and Ritual", Philosophy, 43: 231-247.
- (1972): "Witchcraft and Winchcraft", Philosophy of Social Sciences, 2: 89-103.
- (1982): "The Social Destruction of Reality", in M. Hollis y S. Lukes (eds.): Rationality and Relativism, p. 67-86. Oxford, Blackwell.
 HOLLIS, M. y LUKES, S. (eds.) (1982a): Rationalism and Relativism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- (1982b): "Introduction", en M. Hollis y S. Lukes (eds.): Rationality and Relativism, p. 1-20. Oxford, Blackwell.

JENNINGS, R.C. (1984): "Truth, Rationality and the Sociology of Science", British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 35: 201-211.
- (1988a): "Alternative Mathematics and the Strong Programme: Reply to Triplett", Inquiry, 31: 93-101.
- (1988b): "Translation, Interpretation and Understanding", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 18: 343-353.
- (1989): "Zande Logic and Western Logic", British Journal of Philosophy of Science, 40: 275-285.

KNORR-CETINA, K.D. (1977): "Producing and reproducing knowledge: Descriptive or constructive? Toward a model of research production" Social Science Information 16:669-696.
- (1979a): "Contextuality and indexicality of organizational action: Toward a transorganizational theory of organizations. Social Science Information 18:79-101.
- (1979b): "Tinkering towards success. Prelude to a theory of scientific practice" Theory and Society 8:347-376.
- (1980): "The scientist as an analogical reasoner: A critique of the metaphor-theory of innovation", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R.Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook IV. p. 25-52. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1981a): The Manufacture of Knowledge. An Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
- (1981b): "The micro-sociological challenge of macro-sociology: towards a reconstruction of social theory and methodology", en A.V. Cicourel y K.D. Knorr-Cetina (eds.) Advances in social theory and methodology: toward an integragion of micro- and macro-sociology. Boston: Routledge. p. 1-47.
- (1981c): "Social and scientific method or what do we make of the distinction between the natural and the social science?" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 11:335-359.
- (1982a): "Scientific communities or trans-epistemic arenas of research? A critique of quasi-economic models of science" Social Studies of Science 12:101-130.
- (1982b): "Relativism -what now?" Social Studies of Science 12:133-136.
- (1982c): "The constructivist programme in the sociology of science. Retreats or advances?" Social Studies of Science 12:320-324.
- (1983): "The ethnographic study of scientific work: Towards a constructivist interpretation of science", en K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.) Science Observed, p. 115-140. Londres: Sage.
- (1984): "The fabrication of facts: Toward a microsociology of scientific knowledge",en N. Stehr y V. Meja (eds.). Society and Knowledge. Contemporary Perspectives in the Sociology of Knowledge. p.223-44. Londres: Transaction Books.
- (1987). "Book review on "Opening Pandora's Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists' Discourse" by G. Nigel Gilbert y Michael Mulkay" American Journal of Sociology 92:1518-20.
- (1992b): Epistemic Cultures: How Scientists Make Sense.
- (1992b): "The Couch, the Cathedral, and the Laboratory: On the Relationship between Experiment and Laboratory in Science", en A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture. p. 113-138. Chicago: U.Ch.P..
- (1993): "Strong Constructivism -from a Sociologist's Point of View: A Personal Addendum to Sismondo's Paper" Social Studies of Science 23: 555-563.
- (1995): "How Superorganisms Change: Consensus Formation and the Social Ontology of HEP Experiments" Social Studies of Science 25: 119-142.
 KNORR-CETINA, K. y AMANN, K. (1988): "The fixation of (visual) evidence", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 85-121. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 KNORR-CETINA, K.D. y CICOUREL, A.V. (eds.) (1981): Advances in Social Theory and Methodology. Towards an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies. Londres: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 K.D. KNORR, K.D., KROHN, R. y WHITLEY, R. (eds.). (1980): The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 4. Dordrecht: Reidel.
 KNORR-CETINA, K.D. y MULKAY, M.J. (eds.) (1983a): Science Observed. Perspectives on the Social Study of Science. Londres: Sage.
- (1983b): "Introduction: Emerging principles in social studies of science", en K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.) Science Observed. Perspectives on the Social Study of Science. p. 1-18. Londres: Sage.
 KNORR, K.D., STRASSER, H. y ZILIAN, H.G. (1975): Determinants and Controls of Scientific Development. Dordrecht: Reidel.
 Londres: Transaction Books.
 KROHN, R. (1980): "Introduction. Towards the empirical study of scientific practice", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R.Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook IV. p. 1-23. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1982): "On Gieryn on the "relativist/constructivist" programme in the sociology of science: Naiveté and reaction" Social Studies of Science 12:325-8.
 KROHN, W., KÜPPERS, G. y NOWOTNY, H. (eds.) (1990): Selforganization. Portrait of a Scientific Revolution. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
 KROHN, W., LAYTON, E.T. y WEINGART, P. (eds.) (1978): The Dynamics of Science and Technology. Social Values, Technical Norms and Scientific Criteria in the Development of Knowledge. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 2. Dordrecht: Reidel.
 KROHN, W. y SCHÄFER, W. (eds.) (1976): "The origins and structure of agricultural chemistry", en G. Lemaine, R. MacLeod, M. Mulkay y P. Weingart (eds.) (1976): Perspectives on the Emergence of Scientific Disciplines. Paris: Mouton.

LATOUR, B. (1980a): "Is it possible to reconstruct the research process?: Sociology of a brain peptide", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R. Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 4. p. 107-138. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1980b): "The Three Little Dinosaurs or a Sociologists Nightmare", Fundamenta Scientiae, 1:79-85.
- (1981): "Insiders and outsiders in the sociology of science: or, how can we foster agnosticism?", en R.A. Jones y H. Kuklick (eds.) Knowledge and Society, 3:199-216. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
- (1982): "Reply to John Stewart" Radical Science Journal 12:137-40.
- (1983b): "Review of Barnes: T.S. Kuhn and Social Science", Sociological Review, 31: 558-561.
- (1983): "Give me a laboratory and I will raise the world", en K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.) Science Observed, p. 141-70. Londres: Sage.
- (1986a): "The powers of association" en  J. Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? Sociological Review Monograph, 32: 264-280. Londres: R.K.P..
- (1986b): "Will the last person to leave the Social Studies of Science please turn on the tape-recorder?" Social Studies of Science 16:541-8.
- (1986c): "Visualization and Cognition: Thinking with eyes and hands", Knowledge & Society, 6: 1-40.
- (1987): Ciencia en Acción. Cómo seguir a los científicos y los ingenieros a través de la sociedad. Barcelona, Labor, 1992.
- (1988a): The Pasteurization of France, followed by Irredutions. Cambridge (USA): Harvard University Press.
- (1988b): "The politics of explanation: an alternative" en S. Woolgar (ed.) Knowledge & Reflexivity, p.155-176. Londres: Sage.
- (1988c): "The Prince for Machines as well as for Maquinations", en B. Elliot (ed.) Technology and Social Process, p. 20-43. Edimburgo: E.U.P.
- (1988d): "Opening one eye while closing the other... A note on some religiouse paintings", en G. Fyfe y J. Law (es) Picturing Power. Sociological Review Monograph, 35: 15-38. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.
- (1988e): "Mixing Humans & Non-Humans Together: The Sociology of a Door-Closer", Social Problems, 35: 298-310.
- (1988f): "A Relativist Account of Einstein's Relativity", Social Studies of Science 18:3-44.
- (1989a): "Pasteur y Pouchet: heterogénesis de la historia de las ciencias", en M. Serres (ed.) Historia de las ciencias, p. 477-501. Madrid: Cátedra, 1992.
- (1989b): "Joliot: punto de encuentro de la historia y de la física", en M. Serres (ed.) Historia de las ciencias, p. 553-573. Madrid: Cátedra, 1992.
- (1990a): "Drawing things together", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 19-68. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1990b): "The Force and the Reason of Experiment", in H. Le Grand (ed.): Experimental Inquiries, Dordrecht, Kluwer.
- (1990cd): "Postmodern? No, Simply Amodern! Steps towards an Anthropology of Science", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 21: 145-171.
- (1991a): Nunca Hemos sido Modernos, Madrid, Debate, 1993.
- (1991b): "The Impact of Science Studies on Political Philosophy", Science, Technology and Human Values, 16: 3-19.
- (1992a): Aramis, ou l'amour des techniques. Paris: La Découverte.
- (1992b): "Where are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts", en W. Bijker y J. Law (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society, p. 225-258. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK): The MIT Press.
- (1992c): "One More Turn after the Social Turn. Easing Science Studies into the Non-Modern World", en E. McMullin (ed.) The Social Dimensions of Science. Notre Dame: N.D.U.P.
- (1992d): "Technology is Society Made Durable", en J. Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters. Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. Technology, Power and the Modern World. Sociological Review Monograph, 38: 103-131. Londres y Nueva York: R.K.P..
- (1993a): La clef de Berlin et autres leçons d'un amateur des sciences. Paris: La Découverte.
- (1993b): "Acceptance of the J.D. Bernal Prize", Science, Technology and Human Values, 33: 33-59.
- (1993-4): "Etnografía de un caso de «alta tecnología_: sobre Aramis", Política y Sociedad, 14/15:77-97.
- (1994a): Louis Pasteur, une science, un style, un siécle. Paris: Perrin.
- (1994b): "Pragmatogonies. A Mythical Account of How Humans and Nonhumans Swap Properties", American Behavioural Scientist, 37: 791-808.
 LATOUR, B. y BASTIDE, F. (1986): "Writing science -fact and fiction: The analysis of the process of reality construction through the application of socio-semiotic methods to scientific texts", en M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dinamics of Science and Technology, p. 51-66. Basingstoke y Londres: Macmillan.
- (1988): "La opera científica. Materiales para un análisis socio-semiótico de los textos científicos", Archipiélago 1:63-5.
 LATOUR, B. y FABBRI, P. (1977): "La rhétorique de la science. Pouvoir et devoir dans un article de science exacte" Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 13:81-95.
 LATOUR, B. y LEMONNIER, P. (1994) De la préhistoire aux missiles ballistiques - L'intelligence sociale des techniques. Paris: La Découverte.
 LATOUR, B., MAUGUIN, P. y TEIL, G. (1992): "A note on Socio-Technical Graphs", Social Studies of Science, 22: 33-57.
 LATOUR, B. y STRUM, S. (1987): "The Meaning of Social: From Baboons to Humans", Social Science Information, 26: 783-802.
 LATOUR, B. y WOOLGAR, S. (1979) La vida de Laboratorio. La construcción de hechos científicos. Madrid, Alianza, 1995.
 LAW, J. (1973): "The development of specialties in science: The case of x-ray protein crystallography" Science Studies 3:275-303.
- (1974): "Theories and methods in the sociology of science: An interpretative approach" Social Science Information 13:163-72.
- (1975): "Is Epistemology Redundant? A Sociological View", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 5: 317-337.
- (1977): "Prophecy Failed (for the Actors)!: A Note on "Recovering Relativity", Social Studies of Science, 7: 367-372.
- (1983a): "A durkheimian analysis of scientific knowledge: J.A. Udden's particle size analysis" Knowledge and Society 5.
- (1983b): "Enrôlement et contre-enrôlement: Les luttes pour la publication d' un article scientifique" Information sur les sciences sociales 22:237-251.
- (1984): "A Durkheimian Analysis of Scientific Knowledge: The Case of J.A. Udden's Particle Size Analysis", Knowledge and Society, 5: 85-112.
 --- (ed.) (1986a): Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? Sociological Review Monograph, 32: Londres: R.K.P..
- (1986b) "Editor's introduction: Power/knowledge and the dissolution of the sociology of knowledge", en J. Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? Sociological Review Monograph, 32: 1-19. Londres: R.K.P..
- (1986c) "On the methods of long-distance control: Vessels, navigation and the portuguese route to India", en J. Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? Sociological Review Monograph, 32: 234-265. Londres: R.K.P..
- (1986d): "Laboratories and texts",en M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World. p. 35-50. Londres: MacMillan.
- (1986e): "The heterogeneity of texts", en M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World. p. 67-83. Londres: MacMillan.
- (1987): "Technology and heterogeneous engineering: The case of portuguese expansion", en W. Bijker, T. Hughes y T. Pinch (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems. p.111-134. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1988): "The Anatomy of a Socio-Technical Struggle: The Design of the TSR2",en Elliot (ed.) Technology and Social Process. p. 44-69. Edimburgo: E.U.P.
 --- (ed.) (1992a): A Sociology of Monsters. Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. Technology, Power and the Modern World. Sociological Review Monograph, 38. Londres y Nueva York: R.K.P..
- (1992b): "Introduction: monsters, machines and sociotechnical relations", en J. Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters. Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. Technology, Power and the Modern World. Sociological Review Monograph, 38: 1-23. Londres y Nueva York: R.K.P..
- (1992c): "Power, discretion and strategy", en J. Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters. Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. Technology, Power and the Modern World. Sociological Review Monograph, 38: 165-191. Londres y Nueva York: R.K.P..
- (1994): Organizing Modernity. Oxford (UK) y Cambridge (USA): Blackwell.
 LAW, J. y BARNES, B. (1976): "Areas of ignorance in normal science: A note on Mulkay's "three models of scientific development"" The Sociological Review 24:115-24.
 LAW, J. y BIJKER, W. (eds.) (1989): Constructing Networks and Systems. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 LAW, J. y CALLON, M. (1988): "Engineering and Sociology in a Military Aircraft Project: A Network Analysis of Technical Change". Social Problems, 35: 284-297.
- (1992): "The Life and Death of an Aircrasft: A Networdk Nanalysis of Technical Change", en W. Bijker y J. Law (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society, p. 21-52. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK): The MIT Press.
 LAW, J. y FRENCH, D. (1974): "Normative and interpretative sociologies of science" Sociological Review 22:581-95.
 LAW, J. y LODGE, P. (1978): "Structure as process and environmental constraint: A note on ethnomethodology" Theory and Society 5:373-86.
- (1984): Science for Social Scientists. Londres: MacMillan Press.
 LAW, J y LYNCH, M. (1990): "Lists, Field-Guides and the Descriptive Organization of seeing: Birdwatching as an exemplary Observational Activity", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 267-291. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 LAW, J y MOLL, A.M. (1993-4): "Notaa sobre el materialismo", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 47-57
- (1994): "Regions, Networks, and Fluids: Anaemia & Social Topology" Social Studies of Science 24:641-671.
 LAW, J y WHITTAKER, J. (1988): "On the Art of Representation: Notes on the Politics of Visualization", en G. Fyfe y J. Law (es) Picturing Power. Sociological Review Monograph, 35: 15-38. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.
 LAW, J. y  WILLIAMS, R.J. (1982): "Putting facts together: A study of scientific persuasion" Social Studies of Science 12:535-58.
 LAWSON, H. (1985): Reflexivity. The Post-modern Predicament. Londres: Hutchinson.
 LAWSON, H. y APPIGANESSI (eds.). (1989): Dismantly Truth: Reality in the Post-Modern World. Londres: Wesdenfeld and Nicholson.
 LIVINGSTON, E. (1986): The Ethnomethodological Foundation of Mathematics. Londres: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- (1987): Making Sense of Ethnomethodology. Londres: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 LUKES, S. (1967): "Some problems about rationality" European Journal of Sociology 8:247-64.
- (1982a): "Relativism in its Place", in M. Hollis y S. Lukes (eds.): Rationality and Relativism, p. 261-305. Oxford, Blackwell.
- (1982b): "Comments on David Bloor", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 13: 313-318.
 LYNCH, M. (1982): "Technical work and critical inquiry: Investigations in a scientific laboratory" Social Studies of Science 12: 499-533.
- (1985a): Art and Artifact in Laboratory Science. A Study of Shop Work and Shop Talk in a Research Laboratory. Londres: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- (1985b): "Discipline and the material form of images: An analysis of scientific visibility" Social Studies of Science 15:37-66.
- (1990): "The Externalized Retina: Selection and Mathematization in the visual documentation of objects in the life sciences", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 187-229. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1991): "Laboratory space and the technological complex:  An investigation of topical contextures" Science in Context 4:51-78.
- (1992a): "Extending Wittgenstein: The Pivotal Move from Epistemology to the Sociology of Science", in A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 215-265. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
- (1992b): "From the  Will to Theory  to the Discursive Collage: A Reply to Bloor s "Left and Right Wittgensteinians", in A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 283-300. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
- (1992c): "Going Full Circle in the Sociology of Knowledge: Comment on Lynch and Fuhrman", Science, Technology and Human Values, 17: 228-233.
- (1993): Scientific Practice and Ordinary Action, Cambridge, C.U.P.
- (1994): "Collins, Hirschauer, and Winch: Ethnography, Exoticism, Surgery, Antisepsis, and Dehorsification" Social Studies of Science 24: 354-369.
 LYNCH, M. y BJELIC, D. (1994): "Goethe's `Protestan Reformation´ as a Textual Demonstration: Coment on Jackson" Social Studies of Science 24: 703-724.
 LYNCH, M., LIVINGSTON, E. y GARFINKEL, H. (1983): "Temporal order in laboratory work", en K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.) Science Observed, p. 205-238. Londres: Sage.
 LYNCH, M. y WOOLGAR, S. (eds.) (1990a): Representation in Scientific Practice. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press. [Publicado previamente en Human Studies 11(2/3), 1988].
- (1990b): "Introduction: Sociological orientation to representational practice in science", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 99-116. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.

McNEILL, M., VARCOE, I. y YEARLEY, S. (eds.) (1990): The New Reproductive Technologies. Londres: MacMilland.
 MacKENZIE, D. (1978): "Statistical theory and social interests: A case study" Social Studies of Science 8:35-83.
- (1981a): Statistics in Britain, 1865-1930: The Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge, Edinburgh, E.U.P.
- (1981b): "Interests, Positivism and History", Social Studies of Science, 11: 498-504.
- (1984): "Reply to Steven Yearley", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 15: 251-259.
- (1987): "Missile Accuracy: A case study in the social processes of technological change", en MacKenzie y Wajcman (eds.) The Social Shaping of Technology. p. 195-222. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
- (1989): "From Kwajalein to Armagedon? Testing and the social construction of missile accuracy", en D. Gooding, T.J. Pinch y S. Schaffer (eds.) The Uses of Experiment, p. 409-436. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- (1990): Inventing Accuracy. A historical sociology of nuclear missile guidance. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK): The MIT Press.
- (1993): "Negotiating Arithmetic, Constructing Proof: The Study of Mathematics and Information Technology", Social Studies of Science, 232: 37-65.
 MacKENZIE, D. y BARNES, B. (1975): "Biometrician V. Mendelian: A Controversy and its Explanation", Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 18: 165-196. (Science Studies Unit, September, 1974).
 MacKENZIE, D. y BARNES, B. (1979): "Scientific Judgement: The Biometric-Mendelian Controversy",en Barnes y Shapin (eds.) Natural Order. p. 191-210. Londres: Sage.
 MacKENZIE, D. y WAJCMAN, J. (eds.) (1985): The Social Shaping of Technology. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
 MacKENZIE, D., RÜDIG, W. y SPINARDI, G. (1988): "Social Research on Technology and the Policy Agenda: An Example from the Strategic Arms Race",en Elliot (ed.) Technology and Social Process. p. 152-180. Edimburgo: E.U.P.
 MULKAY, M. (1969): "Some Aspects of Cultural Growth in the Natural Sciences", Social Research, 36: 22-52.
- (1971a): Functionalism, Exchange and Theoretical Strategy. Londres: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- (1971b): "Some suggestions for sociological research" Science Studies 1:207-213.
- (1972a): The Social Process of Innovation: A Study in the Sociology of Science. Londres: MacMillan and Co.
- (1972b): "Conformity and Innovation in Science", in Halmos (ed.): The Sociology of Science, p. 5-23. London: R. K. P.
- (1974a): "Conceptual Displacement and Migration in Science: A Prefatory Paper". Science Studies , 4: 205-234.
- (1974b): "Methodology in the sociology of science: Some reflections on the study of radio astronomy" Social Science Information 13:107-119.
- (1975a): "Three Models of Scientific Development", Sociological Review, 23: 509-526.
- (1975b): "Reply to John Parker" The Sociological Review 23:535-537.
- (1976a): "The Model of Branching", Sociological Review, 24: 125-133.
- (1976b): "The mediating role of the scientific elite" Social Studies of Science 6:445-470.
- (1976c): "Norms and ideology in science. Social Science Information 15: 637-656.
- (1977a): "The Sociology of Science in Britain", in R.K. Merton y J. Gaston (eds.): The Sociology of Science in Europe, Carbondale, S.I.U.P.
- (1977b): "Connections between the quantitative history of  science, the social history of science and the sociology of science", en P. Löpponen Proceedings of the International Seminar on Science Studies. p. 54-76. Helsinki: Suomen Akatemian Julkaisuja.
- (1977c): "Sociology of the Scientific Research Community", en I. Speigel-Rösing y D. de Solla Price (eds.) Science, Technology and Society, p. 93-148. Londres: Sage.
- (1978): "Consensus in Science", Social Science Information, 17: 107-122.
- (1979a): Science and the Sociology of Knowledge, London, Allen & Unwin.
- (1979b): "Knowledge and Utility: Implications for the Sociology of Knowledge", Social Studies of Science, 9: 63-80.
- (1980a): "Interpretation and the Use of Rules: The Case of The Norms of Science", in Gieryn (ed.): A Festschrift for Robert Merton, p. 111-125. Transactions of the New York Academy of Science, Series II, Vol. 39.
- (1980b): "Kuhn and the sociology of science" History of Science 18:298-301.
- (1981a): "Action and belief or scientific discourse? A possible way of ending intellectual vasallage in social studies of science" Philosophy of Social Science 11:163-171.
- (1981b): "Applied philosophy and philosophers' practice" Science, Technology and Human Values 34:7-15.
- (1981c): "Preface to The Social Basis of Scientific Discoveries, by A. Brannigan" Cambridge: C.U.P..
- (1982): On Humour. Its Nature and Its Place in Modern Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- (1984a): "The scientist talks back: A one-act play, with a moral, about replication in science and reflexivity in sociology" Social Studies of Science 14:265-282.
- (1984b): "The ultimate compliment: A sociological analysis of ceremonial discourse" Sociology 18:531-549.
- (1985): The Word and the World. Explorations in the Form of Sociological Analysis. Londres: George Allen and Unwin.
- (1989): "Textual fragments on science, social science and literature"en G. Rousseau y P. Privateer (eds.) Literature and Science: New Essays in Interdisciplinary Theories and Practices. Cambridge: C.U.P..
- (1990): A Sociological Pilgrimage: Studies in the Sociology of Science. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. [Reúne: 1974b, 1975a, 1976c, 1979b, 1981a, 1984a, 1989: con G.N. Gilbert: 1981, 1982b, 1984, 1986: y con Williams, 1971].
- (1993-4): "Retórica y control social en el gran debate sobre los embriones", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 143-153.
- (1993): "Rhetorics of Hope and Fear in the Great Embryo Debate", Social Studies of Science, 23: 721-742.
- (1994): "The Triumph of the Pre-Embryo: Interpretations of the Human Embryo in Parlamentary Debate over Embryo Research_ Social Studies of Science, 24: 611-639.
- (1995a): "Parlamentary Ambivalence in Relation to Embryo Research", Social Studies of Science, 25: 149-163.
- (1995b): "Galileo and the Embryos: Religion and Science in Parlamentary Debate over Research on Human Embryos", Social Studies of Science, 25: 459-532.
 MULKAY, M.J. y EDGE, D.O. (1973a): Astronomy Transformed. Nueva  York: John Wiley and Sons.
- (1973b): "Cognitive, technical and social factors in the growth of radio astronomy" Social Science Information 12:25-61.
- (1979): "Radioastronomy Revisited: Some Criticisms", Sociological Review, 27: 371-377.
 MULKAY, M.J. y GILBERT, G. N. (1981): "Putting Philosophy to Work: Karl Popper's Influence on Scientific Practice", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11: 389-407.
- (1982a): "Accounting for error: How scientists construct their social world when they account for correct and incorrect belief" Sociology 16(2):165-183.
- (1982b): "Joking apart: Some recommendations concerning the analysis of scientific culture" Social Studies of Science 12:585-613. [Reimpreso en Gilbert y Mulkay 1984:172-187].
- (1982c): "What is the ultimate question? Some remarks in defense of the analysis of scientific discourse" Social Studies of Science 12:309-19.
- (1984): "Opening Pandora's box: A case for developing a new approach to the sociological analysis of theory-choice in science. Knowledge and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Culture, Past, and Present 5:113-139.
- (1986): "Replication and mere replica tion" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 16:21-37.
 MULKAY, M., GILBERT, G. N. y WOOLGAR, S. (1975): "Problem areas and  research networks in science" Sociology, 9:187-203.
 MULKAY, M.J. y MILIC, V. (1980): Sociology of Science in East & West. Current Sociology, 28.
 MULKAY, M.J. y POTTER, J. (1985): "Scientists' Interview Talk: Interview as a Technique for Revealing Participants' Interpretative Practices", en Brenner, et al. (eds.) The Research Interview: Use and Approaches, p.247-271. Londres: Academic Press.
 MULKAY, M.J., POTTER, J. y YEARLEY, S. (1983): "Why an analysis of scientific discourse is needed", en K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.) Science Observed, p.171-204. Londres: Sage.
 MULKAY, M.J. y TURNER, B.S. (1971): "Over-production of personnel and innovation in three social settings" Sociology, 5:47-61.
 MULKAY, M.J. y WILLIAMS, A.T. (1971): "A sociological study of a physics department" British Journal of Sociology 22:68-82.
 MYERS, G. (1985): "Texts as knowledge claims: The social construction of two biology articles" Social Studies of Science 15:593-630.
- (1988): "Every Picture Tells a Story: Illustrations in E.O. Wilson Sociobiology", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 231-265. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1989): "Postscript: Conversation over dinner, on the usefulness of paradox in controversies" Social Studies of Science 19:668-70.
- (1990): Writing Biology. Texts in the Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge. Madison, Wis.: The University of Wisconsin Press.
- (1991): "Stories and styles in two molecular biology review articles", en  C. Bazerman y J. Paradis (eds.) Textual Dynamics of the Professions. Historical and Contemporary Studies of Writing in Professional Communities., p 45-75. Madison, Wis.: The University of Wisconsin Press.
- (1995): "From Discovery to Invention: The Writing and Rewriting of Two Patents" Social Studies of Science 25: 57-105.

NICKLES, T. (ed.) (1980): Scientific Discovery, Logic, and Rationality. Londres: Reidel.
- (1987): "Lakatosian Heuristics & Epistemic Support", British Journal of Phylosophy of Science, 38: 181-205.
- (1989): "Justification and Experiment.", en D. Gooding, T. Pinch y S. Schaffer (1989): The Uses of Experiment, p. 299-333. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- (1990): "How to Talk with Sociologists (or Philosophers), Social Studies of Science, 20: 633-638.
 NOWOTNY, H. (1973): "On the feasibility of a cognitive approach to  the study of science" Zeitschrift für Soziologie 2: 282-296.
- (1990a): "Actor-networks vs. science as a self-organizing system: A comparative view of two constructivist approaches", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R.Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook IV. p. 223-239. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1990b): "Individual Autonomy and Autonomy of Science: The Place of the Individual in the Research System", en S. Cozzens, et al. (eds.) The Research System in Transition, p. 331-343. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
 NOWOTNY, H. y FELT, U. (1992): "Striking Gold in the 1990's: The Discovery of High-Temperature Superconductivity and Its Impact on the Sciences System", Science, Technology & Human Values, 17: 506-531
 NOWOTNY, H. y ROSE, H. (eds.) (1979): Counter-Movements in the Sciences. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 3. Dordrecht: Reidel.

PICKERING, A. (1980a): "Exemplars and Analogies: A Comment on Crane's Study of Kuhnian Paradigms in High Energy Physics", Social Studies of Science, 10: 497-502.
- (1980b): "Reply to Crane", Social Studies of Science, 10: 507-508.
- (1980c): "The role of interests in high-energy physics: The choice between charm and colour", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R. Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 4. p. 107-138. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1982): "Interests and Analogies", en B. Barnes y D. Edge (eds.) Science in Context. p. 125-146. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
- (1984a): Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics, Edinburgh, E.U.P.
- (1984b): "Against putting the phenomena first: The discovery of a weak neutral current" Studies in History of Philosophy of Science 15:85-117.
- (1986): "Against Correspondence: A Constructivist View of Experiment and the Real", PSA, 2: 196-206.
- (1987): "Forms of Life: Science, Contingency and Harry Collins", British Journal for History of Science, 20: 213-221.
- (1989): "Living in the Material World.", en D. Gooding, T. Pinch y S. Schaffer (1989): The Uses of Experiment, p. 275-297. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- (1990c): "Knowledge, Practice and Mere Construction", Social Studies of Science, 20 682-729.
- (ed.) (1992a): Science as Practice and Culture, Chicago, U.Ch.P.
- (1992b): "From Science as Knowledge to Science as Practice", en Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 1-26. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 PICKERING, A. y NADEL, E. (1987): "Charm Revisited: A Quantitative Analysis of the HEP Literature", Social Studies of Science, 17: 87-113.
 PICKERING, A. y STEPHANIDES, A. (1992): "Constructing Quaternions: On the Analysis of Conceptual Practice", en Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 139- 167. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 PINCH, T. J. (1977): "What does a Proof do if it does not Prove?: A Study of the Social Conditions and Metaphysical Divisions Leading to David Bohm and John Von Neuman Failing to Communicate in Quantum Physics", in Mendelsohn, Weingart and Whitley (eds:): The Social Production of Scientific Knowledge, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1979): "Paradigm Lost?", ISIS, 70: 437-440.
- (1982): "Kuhn -The conservative and radical interpretations. Are some mertonians "kuhnians" and some "kuhnians" mertonians?", 4S-Newsletter, 7:10-25.
- (1985): "Towards an analysis of scientific observation: The externality and evidential significance of observational reports in physics", Social Studies of Science, 15:3-36.
- (1986): Confronting Nature: The Sociology of Solar-Neutrino Detection, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1988): "Understanding Technology: Some Possible Implications of Work in the Sociology of Science", en B. Elliot (ed.) Technology and Social Process, p. 70-83. Edimburgo: E.U.P.
- (1990a): "The Sociology of the Scientific Community", en G.N. Cantor, et al. (eds.) Companion to the History of Modern Science, p. 87-99. London, R. K. P.
- (1990b): "Deconstructing Roth and Barrett", Social Studies of Science, 20: 658-663.
- (1992a): "Opening Black Boxes: Science, Technology and Society", Social Studies of Science, 22: 487-510.
- (1993a): "Testing -One, Two, Three... Testing!: Toward a Sociology of Testing", Science, Technology & Human Values 18: 25-41.
- (1993b): "Turn, Turn, and Turn Again: The Woolgar Formula", Science, Technology & Human Values 18: 511-522.
- (1993-4): "La retórica y la controversia sobre la fusión fría: del Woodstoch químico al Altamont físico", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 155-170.
 PINCH, T.J., ASHMORE, M. Y MULKAY, M.J. (1992): "Technology, Testing, Text: Clinical Budgeting in the U.K. National Health Service", en W. Bijker y J. Law (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society, p. 265-289. Cambridge (USA) y Londres (UK): The MIT Press.
 PINCH, T.J. y BIJKER, W.E. (1986): "Science, Relativism and the New Sociology of Technology: Replay to Russell", Social Studies of Science, 16:347-360.
- (1987): "The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other", en W. Bijker, T. Hughes y T. Pinch (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems. p.17-50. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 PINCH, T.J. y CLARK, C. (1986): "The Hard Sell: `Patter Merchanting´ and the Strategic (Re)Production and Local Management of Economic Reasoning in the Sales Routines of Market Pitcher_", Socialogy, 20:269-191.
 PINCH, T.J. y PINCH, T.J. (1988): "Reservations about reflexivity and new literary forms or why let the devil have all the good tunes?", en S. Woolgar (ed.) Knowledge & Reflexivity. p. 178-99. Londres: Sage.
 POTTER, J. (1984): "Testability, flexibility: Kuhnian values in scientists discourse concerning theory choice" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 14:303-30.
- (1987a): "Discourse Analysis and the Turn of the Reflexive Screw: A Response to Fuhrman and Oehler" Social Studies of Science 17:171-177.
- (1987b): "Reading repertoires: A preliminary study of some tecniques that scientists use to construct readings" Science and Technology Studies 5:112-21.
- (1988): "What is reflexive about discourse analysis? The case of reading readings", en S. Woolgar (ed.) Knowledge and Reflexivity. New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge, p. 35-52. London, SAGE.
 POTTER, J. y HICKS, D. (1991): "Sociology of Scientific Knowledge: A Reflexive Citation Analysis or Science Disciplines and Disciplining Science", Social Studies of Science, 21: 459-501.
 POTTER, J. y McKINLAY, A. (1989): "Discourse - philosophy - reflexivity: Comment on Halfpenny" Social Studies of Science 19:137-45.
 POTTER, J., STRINGER, J-P. y WETHERELL, M. (1984): Social Texts and Context: Literature and Social Psychology. Londres: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 POTTER, J. y WETHERELL, M. (1987. Discourse and Social Psychology. Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour. Londres: Sage.
 PRELLI, L.J. (1989a). A Rhetoric of Science: Inventing Scientific Discourse. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
- (1989b): "The rhetorical construction of scientific ethos", en H.W. Simons (ed.) Rethoric in the Human Sciences, p. 48-68. Londres: Sage.

RESTIVO, S. (1975): "Towards a Sociology of Objectivity", Sociological Analysis, 2: 155-183.
- (1981a): "Mathematics and the Limits of the Sociology of Knowledge", Social Science Information, 20: 679-701.
- (1981b): "Notes and Queries on Science, technology, and Human Values.", Science, Technology and Human Values, 35(2): 20-24.
- (1981c): "Commentary: Some Perspectives in Contemporary Sociology of Science.", Science, Technology and Human Values, 35(2): 22-30.
- (1983a): The Social Relations of Physics, Mysticism and  Mathematics. Studies in Social Structure, Interests and Ideas, Dordrecht, Reidel.
- (1983b): "The Myth of the Kuhnian Revolution", in R. Collins (ed.): Sociological Theory, p. 293-305. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
- (1988): "Modern Science as a Social Problem", Social Problems, 35: 206-225.
- (1989): "Critical Sociology of Science", in Chubin and Chu (eds.): Science off the Pedestal, Belmont (CA), Wadsworth Publis.
- (1991): Mathematics in Society and History. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
- (1994): Science, Society and Values. Towards a Sociology of Objectivity. Cranbury (NJ): Associated Universtity Presses.
 RESTIVO, S. y LOUGHLIN, J. (1987): "Critical Sociology of Science and Scientific Validity", Knowledge, 8: 486-508.
 RESTIVO, S., VAN BENDEGEM, J-P.. y FISCHER, R. (eds.) (1993): Maths Worlds: New Directions in Philosophy and Social Studies of Mathematics. Albany (NY): SUNY Press.
 RESTIVO, S. y VANDERPOOL, C.K. (1974): Comparative Studies in Science and Society. Columbus (OH): C.E. Merrill.
 RESTIVO, S. y ZENZEN, M. (1982): "The mysterious morphology of immiscible liquids: A study of scientific practice" Social Science Information 21:447-73.
- (1986): "A Humanistic Perspective on Science and Society", en  W.K. Fishman y G. Benello (eds.) Readings in Humanistic Sociology. Nueva York: General Hall.

 RIP, A. (1986): "Mobilising resources through texts", en  M. Callon, J. Law y A. Rip (eds.) (1986a): Mapping the Dynamics of  Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World. p. 84-99. Londres: MacMillan.
 RIP, A. y BELT, H. (1987): "The Nelson-Winter-Dosi Model and Synthetic Dye Chemistry", en W.E. Bijker, T.P. Hughes y T.J. Pinch (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, p. 135-158.  Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 RIP, A., MISA, T. y SHOT, J. (eds.) (1992) Managing Tecnology in Society. New Forms for the Control of Technology. Cambridge: C.U.P.

SCHMAUS, W. (1985): "Reasons, Causes and the 'Strong Programme' in the Sociology of Knowledge", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 15: 189-196.
- (1994): Durkheim s Philosophy of Science and the Sociology of Knowledge, Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 SHAPIN, S. (1975): "Phrenological Knowledge and the Social Structure of Early XIXth Century Edinburgh", Annals of Sciences, 32: 219-243.
- (1979a): "Homo Phrenologicus: Anthropological Perspectives on a Historical Problem", en Barnes y Shapin (eds.): Natural Order, Londres, SAGE.
- (1979b): "The Politics of Observation: Cerebral Anatomy and Social Interests in the Edinburgh Phrenology Disputes", en Wallis (ed.): On the Margins of Science, p. 139-178. Keele, U.K.P.
- (1980a): "Social Uses of Science", en Rousseau y Porter (eds.): The Ferment of Knowledge, Cambridge, C.U.P.
- (1980b): "A Course en the Social History of Science", Social Studies of Science, 10: 231-258.
- (1982): "History of Science and its Sociological Reconstructions", History of Science, 20: 157-211.
- (1984): "Talking history: Reflections on discourse analysis" Isis 75:125-30.
- (1985): "Towards an Analysis of Scientific Observation: The Externality and Evidential Significance of Observational Reports in Physics", Social Studies of Science, 15:3-36.
- (1988a): "The House of Experiment in Seventeenth-Century England", ISIS, 79: 373-404.
- (1988b): "Robert Boyle and Mathematics: Reality, Representation and Experimental Practice", Science in Context, 2: 23-58.
- (1988c): "Understanding the Merton Thesis", ISIS, 79: 594-605.
- (1988d): "Following scientists around" Social Studies of Science 18:533-50.
- (1990): "Science and the Public", en Cantor et al. (eds.) Companion to the History of Modern Science, Londres, R.K.P..
- (1991b): "Discipline and Bounding: The History and Sociology of Science as seen through the Externalism-Internalism Debate", Proceedings of Conference on Critical Problems and Research in the History of Science and History of Technology, Madison (WI): 203-237.
 SHAPIN, S. y BARNES, B. (1977): "Science, Nature and Control: Interpreting Mechanics' Institutes", Social Studies of Science, 7: 31-74.
- (1979): "Darwin and Social Darwinism: Purity and History", en Barnes y Shapin (eds.) Natural Order p. 125-142- Londres: SAGE.
 SHAPIN, S. y OPHIR, A. (1991): "The place of knowledge. A methodological survey" Science in Context 4:3-21.
 SHAPIN, S. y SCHAFFER, S. (1985): Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life, Princeton, P.U.P.
 STAR, S.L. (1983): " Simplification in scientific work: An example from neurosciences research" Social Studies of Science 13:205-28.
- (1985): "Scientific work and uncertainty" Social Studies of Science 15:391-427.
- (1986): "Triangulating Clinical and Basic Research: British Localizationists, 1870-1906", History of Science, 24: 29-48.
- (1988a): "Introduction: The Sociology of Science and Technology" Social Problems, 35: 197-205.
- (1988b): "The Structure of Ill-Structured Solutions: Boundary Objects and Heterogeneous Distributed Problem Solving", en M. Huhns y L. Gasser (eds.) Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Menlo Park (CA): Mogan Kaufman.
- (1989): Regions of the Mind: Brain Research and the Quest for Scientific Certainty. Stanford: S.U.P.
- (1991): "Power, Technology and the Phenomenology of Conventions: On Being Allergic to Onions", en J. Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters, Sociological Review Monograph,. p. 25-56. Londres: Routledge.
 STAR, S.L. y GRIESEMER, J.R. (1989): "Institutional Ecology: `Translations´ and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Profesionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-1939", Social Studies of Science 19:387-420.
 STEHR, N. (1978): "The ethos of science revisited: social and cognitive norms" Sociological Inquiry 48:172-96.
- (1981): "The Magic Triangle: In Defence of a General Sociology of Knowledge", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11: 225-229.
- (1990): "Robert K. Merton's sociology of science., en S. Clark, C. Modgil y S. Modgil (eds.) Robert K. Merton. Consensus & Controversy, p. 285-294.
 STEHR, N. y MEJA, V. (eds.) (1984): Society and Knowledge. Contemporary Perspectives in the Sociology of Knowledge. Londres: Transaction Books.
 SUCHMAN, L. (1987): Plans and Situated Actions, Cambridge (MA), C.U.P.

TIBBETS, P. (1985): "In Defence of Relativism and the Radical Programme: A Critique of Jarvie", British Journal of Sociology, 36: 471-476.
- (1986): "The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge: The Constructivist Thesis and Relativism", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 16: 39-57.
- (1988): "Representation and the Realist-Constructivist controversy", en en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 117-132. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
 TIBBETS, P. y JOHNSON, P. (1985): "The discourse and praxis models in recent reconstructions of scientific knowledge generation" Social Studies of Science 15:739-49.
 TRAWEEK, S. (1988): Beamtimes and Lifetimes, Cambridge (Ma.), H.U.P.
- (1992): "Border Crossing: Narrative Strategies in Science Studies and among Physicists in Tsukuba Science City.", en A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 429-465. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
 TRIPLETT, T. (1986): "Relativism and the Sociology of Mathematics: Remarks on Bloor, Flew and Frege", Inquiry, 29: 439-450.
- (1988): "Azande Logic Versus Western Logic?", British Journal of Philosophy of Science, 39: 361-366.

VARCOE, I., McNEILL, M. y YEARLEY, S. (eds.) (1990): Deciphering Science and Technology. Londres: MacMilland.

WINNER, L. (1977): Tecnología Autónoma. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1979.
- (1980): "Do Artifacts Have Politics?", Daedalus, 109: 121-136.
- (1983): "Techne and Politeya: The Technical Constitution of Society" en P.T. Durbin y F. Rapp (eds.) Philosophy and Technology. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1984): Mythinformation: Romantic Politics in the Computer Revolution" Research in Philosophy and Technology, 7.
- (1986): The Whale and the Reactor. Chicago: U.Ch.P..
- (1989): "Technological Frontiers and Human Integrity", en S.L. Goldman (ed.) Research in Technology Studies. Lehigh University Press.
- (1992): "Citizen Virtues in a Technological Society" Inquiry, 35: 341-361.
- (1993): "Upon Opening the Black Box and Fining It Empty: Social Constructivism and the Philosphy of Technology", Science, Technology and Human Values, 18: 362-378.
 WOOLGAR, S. (1976): "Writing an intellectual history of scientific development: The use of discovery accounts" Social Studies of Science 6:395-422.
- (1980): "Discovery: logic and sequence in a scientific text", en K. Knorr, W. Krohn y R.Whitley (eds.) The Social Process of Scientific Investigation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook IV. p. 239-68. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1981a): "Interests and Explanation in the Social Study of Science", Social Studies of Science, 11: 365-394.
- (1981b): "Critique and Criticism: Two Readings of Ethnomethodology", Social Studies of Science, 11: 504-514.
- (1982): "Laboratory studies: A comment on the state of the art" Social Studies of Science 12:481-98.
- (1983): "Irony in the social study of science", en K. Knorr-Cetina y M.J. Mulkay (eds.) Science Observed, p. 239-266. Londres: Sage.
- (1985): "Why Not a Sociology of Machines? The Case of Sociology and Artificial Intelligence", Sociology, 19: 557-572.
- (1986): "On the alleged distinction between discourse and praxis" Social Studies of Science 16:309-17.
- (1987): "Reconstructing Man and Machine: A Note on Sociological Critiques of Cognitivism", in W.E. Bijker, T.P. Hughes y T.J. Pinch (eds.): The Social Construction of Technological Systems, p. 311-328. Cambridge (MA), MIT Press
- (1988a): Ciencia: Abriendo la Caja Negra, Barcelona, Anthropos, 1991.
- (ed.) (1988b): Knowledge and Reflexivity. New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge, London, SAGE.
- (1988c): "Reflexivity is the ethnographer of the text", en S. Woolgar (ed.) Knowledge and Reflexivity. New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge, p. 14-34. London, SAGE.
- (1988d): "Time and documents in researcher interaction: Some ways of making out what is happening in experimental science", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 171-200. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1989a): "The ideology of representation and the role of the agent", en H. Lawson y Appignanesi (eds.) Dismantly Truth: Reality in the Post-Modern World, p. 131-144. Londres: Wesdenfeld and Nicholson.
- (1989b): "Representation, Cognition, Self: What Hope for the Integration of the Sociology and Psychology of Science?", en S. Fuller, M. de Mey y S. Woolgar (eds.) The Cognitive Turn: Sociological and Psychological Perspectives on Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
- (1989c): "A Coffeehouse Conversation on the Possibility of Mechanizing Discovery and its Sociological Analysis", Social Studies of Science, 19: 658-668.
- (1991a): "Configuring the User: the Case of Usability Trials", en J. Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters, Sociological Review Monograph,. p. 58-99. Londres: Routledge.
- (1991b): "The turn to technology in social studies of science" Science, Technology and Human Values 16:20-50.
- (1991c): "Beyond the Citation Debate: Towards a Sociology of Measurement Technologies and Their Use in Science Policy" Science and Public Policy, 18: 319-326.
- (1992a): "Some Remarks About Positionism: A Reply to Collins and Yearley.", en A. Pickering (ed.): Science as Practice and Culture, p. 327-342. Chicago, U.Ch.P.
- (1992b): "What is at Stake in the Sociology of Technology?" Science, Technology & Human Values, 18:539-529.
 WOOLGAR, S. y ASHMORE, M. (1988): "The next step: An introduction to the reflexive project", en S. Woolgar (ed.) Knowledge and Reflexivity. New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge, p. 1-11. London, SAGE.
 WOOLGAR, S. y GRINT, K. (1995): "On Some Failures of Nerve in Constructivist and Feminist Analyses of Technology.W Science, Technology and Human Values, 20: 286-310.
 WOOLGAR, S. y PAWLUCH, D. (1985): "Ontological gerrymandering: The anatomy of social problems explanations" Social Problems 32:214-27.
 WOOLGAR, S. y RACHEL, J. (1995): "The Discursive Structure of the Socio-technical Divide: The Example of Information Systems Development" Sociological Review, 43: 251-273.
 WOOLGAR, S. y RUSSELL, G. (1993-4): "Las bases sociales de los virus informáticos" Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 171-195.

YEARLEY, S. (1981): "Textual persuation: The role of social accounting in the construction of scientific arguments. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11:409-35.
- (1982): "The Relationship Between Epistemological and Sociological Cognitive Interests: Some Ambigüities Underlying the Use of Interests Theory in the Study of Scientific Knowledge", Studies in History and Philosphy of Science, 13: 353-388.
- (1984): Science and Sociological Practice. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
- (1985a): "Representing Geology. Textual Structures in the Pedagogical Presentations of Science" en T. Shinn y R. Whitley (eds.) Expository Science: Forms and Functions of Popularisation. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, 9: 79-101. Dordrecht: Reidel.
- (1985b): "Vocabulaires of Freedom and Resentment: A Strawsonian Perspective on the Nature of Argumentation in Science and the Law" Social Studies of Science, 15: 99-126.
- (1986): "Interactive-orientation and argumentation in scientific texts" en  J. Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? p.132-157. Londres: Sociological Review Monograph: R.K.P..
- (1988a): Science, Technology, and Social Change. Londres: Unwin Hyman.
- (1988b): "Setting Acounts: Action, Accounts, and Sociological Explanation", British Journal of Sociology, 39: 578-599.
- (1989a): "Environmentalism: Science and a Social Movement", Social Studies of Science, 19: 343-255.
- (1989b): "Bog Standards: Science and Conservationismo at a Public Inquiry" Social Studies of Science, 19: 421-438.
- (1990a): "The Dictates of Method and Policy: Interpretational Structures in the Representation of Scientific Work", en M. Lynch y S. Woolgar (eds.) Representation in Scientific Practice, p. 337-355. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press.
- (1990b): "Researching the Pre-cambrian Biosphere: Constructing Knowledge and Shaping the Organization of Scientific Work" Social Studies of Science, 20: 313-332.
- (1991): The Green Case. A Sociology of Environmental Issues, Arguments and Policies. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.
- (1992a): "Skills, Deals, and Impartiality: The Sale of Environmental Consultancy Skills and Public Perceptions of Scientific Neutrality", Social Studies of Science, 22: 435-453.
- (1992b): "Green Ambivalence anout Science: Legal-Rational Authority and the Scientific Legitimation of a Social Movement" British Journal of Sociology, 43: 511-532.
- (1993-4): "La autoridad social de la ciencia en la edad postmoderna", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 59-66.

 ÁLVAREZ, A., MARTÍNEZ, A. y MÉNDEZ, R. (1993): Tecnología en acción. Barcelona: RAP.

 BELTRAN, M. (1993): "Relativismo Cultural y Relativismo Epistemológico: Voces Viejas y Nuevas en la Sociología del Conocimiento", en E. Lamo de Espinosa y J.E. Rodríguez ibáñez (eds): Problemas de Teoría Social Contemporánea, p. 627-651. Madrid, C.I.S.
 BLANCO, J.R. (1993): "Las "vitaminas" del "programa fuerte" Revista Internacional de Sociología 4:183-204.
- (1993-4): "Las relaciones entre ciencia y sociedad: hacia una sociología histórica del conocimiento científico" Política y Sociedad, 14/15:35-45.
- (1994): Una aproximación a las relaciones entre ciencia y sociedad: El Programa Fuerte en la Sociología del Conocimiento Científico. Madrid: U.C.M. Tesis doctoral.
 BLANCO, J.R., COTILLO-PEREIRA, A. IRANZO, J.M., y TORRES, C. (1992): "Ciencia, Científicos y Sociologías: ¿Por Dónde Empezar?", en Escritos de Teoría Sociológica en Homenaje a Luis Rodríguez Zúñiga, P. 145-167. Madrid, CIS-Siglo XXI.
 BUSTAMANTE, J. (1988): "Sociocibernética" en R. Reyes (ed.) Terminología Científico-Social: Aproximación Crítica. Madrid: Anthropos.
- (1993a): Sociedad Informatizada. ¿Sociedad Deshumanizada?, Madrid, Gaia.
- (1993b): "La metáfora computacional: El mito de la replicación artificial del hombre y el orden social", Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, 6.
- (1995): "El computador como metáfora de identidad y control", en J.M. Iranzo et al. (coor.) Sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología, p. 341-385. Madrid: C.S.I.C.

 COTILLO-PEREIRA, A. (1993): "La construcción del realismo textual" Revista Internacional de Sociología 4:205-231.
 COTILLO-PEREIRA, A. y TORRES, C. (1993-4): "Una teoría sociológica de la innovación en la ciencia: la obra del primer Mulkay", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 115-142.

 GONZALEZ DE LA FE, T. (1993): "Ciencia, Conocimiento Científico y Sociología (Algunas Reflexiones sobre el Estado Actual de la Sociología del Conocimiento Científico)", Revista Internacional de Sociología, 4: 7-37.
- (1993-4): "Los sistemas regionales de ciencia y tecnología. Algunos problemas teóricos y empíricos", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 197-234.
 GONZALEZ DE LA FE, T. y SANCHEZ NAVARRO, J. (1988): "Las Sociologías del Conocimiento Científico", REIS, 43: 75-124.

 IRANZO, J.M. (1992): EL Giro Sociológico en la Teoría de la Ciencia, ¿Una Revolución en Marcha?, Madrid, U.C.M. Tesis doctoral.
- (1993): "La construcción social del agujero de ozono" Revista Internacional de Sociología 4:123-51.
- (1993-4): "Inquietudes humanas, problemas científicos y soluciones tecnológicas: ciencia, tecnología y política en [la inexistencia de] la crisis ecológica global", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 99-114.
- (1995: "Visiones del poder desde la sociología del conocimiento científico", en J.M. Iranzo et al. (coor.) Sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología, p. 283-302. Madrid: C.S.I.C.
 IRANZO, J.M., BLANCO, J.R., GONZÁLEZ, T., TORRES, C. y COTILLO-PEREIRA, A. (Coor.) (1995): Sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
 IRANZO, J.M., BLANCO, J.R. y GONZÁLEZ. T. (1995): "Una conversación sobre quienes hablan de los que dicen qué es cierto y qué funciona, precedida y seguida de fragmentos de un epílogo comme il faut", en J.M. Iranzo et al. (coor.) Sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología, p. 389-446. Madrid: C.S.I.C.

 LAMO DE ESPINOSA, E. (1987): "El Estatuto Teórico de la Sociología del Conocimiento", REIS, 40: 7-44.
- (1990): La Sociedad Reflexiva, Madrid, CIS-Siglo XXI.
- (1992): "La Crisis del Positivismo Clásico y los Orígenes de la Sociología del Conocimiento en Karl Mannheim", en Escritos de Teoría Sociológica en Homenaje a Luis Rodríguez Zúñiga, p. 565-602. Madrid, CIS-Siglo XXI.
- (1993): "La interacción reflexiva", en  E. Lamo de Espinosa y J.E. Rodríguez ibáñez (eds): Problemas de Teoría Social Contemporánea, p. 387-434. Madrid, C.I.S.
- (1993-4): "El Relativismo en Sociología del Conocimiento", Política y Sociedad, 14/15: 21-33.
 LAMO DE ESPINOSA, E., GONZÁLEZ, J.M. y TORRES, C. (1994): La Sociología del Conocimiento y de la Ciencia, Madrid, Alianza.
 LIZCANO, E. (1989): "¿Es posible una crítica del discurso matemático?" Archipiélago, 2: 116-132 y 3: 123-153.
- (1992): "El tiempo imaginario en el imaginario social chino" Archipiélago, 10/11: 59-67.
- (1993a): Imaginario Colectivo y Creación Matemática (La Construcción Social del Número, el Espacio y lo imposible en China y Grecia), Barcelona, Gedisa.
- (1993b): "Algebra e imaginario colectivo. Elementos para una sociología de las matemáticas." Revista Internacional de Sociología 4:39-64.
- (1993c): "El caos en el pensamiento mítico" Archipiélago, 13: 70-84.
 LUJÁN, J.L. (1992): "El estudio social de la tecnología", en J. Sanmartín, et al. (eds) Estudios sobre Sociedad y Tecnología, p. 30-41. Barcelona: Anthropos.
- (1993): "Modelos de cambio científico: Filosofía de la ciencia y sociología del conocimiento científico." Revista Internacional de Sociología 4:65:90.

 MEDINA, E. (1982): "Teorías y orientaciones de la sociología de la ciencia", REIS, 20: 7-58.
- (1983): "La polémica internalismo/externalismo en la historia y la sociología de la ciencia", REIS, 23: 53-75.
- (1987): "El cambio tecnológico", Revista de Occidente, 71: 17-34.
- (1989): Conocimiento y sociología de la ciencia. Madrid: C.I.S.

 OLAZARÁN, M. (1993a): A sociological history of the neural network controversy. Edimburgo. Ph.D. Thesis.
- (1993b): "Controversias y emergencia del conexionismo: Una perspectiva histórica y sociológica." Revista Internacional de Sociología 4:91-122.
- (1995): "De la sociología de la ciencia a la sociología de la tecnología: un horizonte abierto", en J.M. Iranzo et al. (coor.) Sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología, p. 319-339. Madrid: C.S.I.C.
 OLAZARÁN, M. y DIAZ DE RADA, V. (1994): "Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad: Introducción. La credibilidad social de la ciencia", Cuadernos de Sección. Sociedad, Ciencia y Tecnología, 1: 181-210.
 OLAZARÁN, M., SIMON, K. y MADORRAN, C. (1994): "Innovación tecnológica y organización: estudios de caso de la incorporación de tecnologías de la información en la empresa", Cuadernos de Sección. Sociedad, Ciencia y Tecnología, 1: 181-210.

 PARDO, R. (1991): "Sociología y Ciencia Cognitiva", Revista de Occidente, 119: 151-174.
- (1992a): "Organizaciones y Computadores como Tecnologías de Coordinación", Arbor, 561: 45-76.
- (1993): "La trayectoria de la inteligencia artificial y el debate sobre los modelos de racionalidad", en E. Lamo de Espinosa y J.E. Rodríguez ibáñez (eds): Problemas de Teoría Social Contemporánea, p. 115-221. Madrid, C.I.S.

 TORRES, C. (1992): Elementos para una sociología política de la ciencia. Madrid: U.C.M. Tesis Doctoral.
- (1993): "El problema de la ciencia como institución social." Revista Internacional de Sociología 4:161:81.
- (1994a): Sociología política de la ciencia. Madrid: C.I.S./Siglo XXI.
- (1994b): "Procesos de estructuración social de las comunidades científicas", Cuadernos de Sección. Sociedad, Ciencia y Tecnología, 1: 53-63.
- (1994c): "Perspectivas sobre la estratificación social en la vida científica", Cuadernos de Sección. Sociedad, Ciencia y Tecnología, 1: 65-75.
- (1995): "Problemas epistemológicos en el análisis de la ciencia", en J.M. Iranzo et al. (coor.) Sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología, p. 83-96. Madrid: C.S.I.C.

<<< Biblografía General

COLABORACIONES - COPYRIGHT | SUGERENCIAS | REGISTRO DE LECTORES | LISTA E-MAIL | FORO