CLIWOC release 1.0
(20
November 2003)
This is the official first release
of CLIWOC. Because there are much more data to be added to the database, another
release will follow in the spring of 2004. In this release an ASCII version
of the CLIWOC database is presented in IMMA format (see
below), together with an Access database with all
the available information in complete records. As the user may notice, there
are several fields in the IMMA-records that are not used. Since a lot of work
has been done to get this release working properly, we had to decide to postpone
presenting additional information in this format. However, the complete records
will be on this same CD-ROM in Microsoft Access format.
ASCII
filename: cliwoc1.0.txt
The file is in ASCII format and
contains 181,027 records of 110 characters long (including CR/LF). The records
are built according to the proposed format, given in the IMMA document, updated
22 July 2003 (www.cdc.noaa.gov/coads/e-doc/imma/imma.pdf).
The idea behind this format is that the user can easily start with the data,
without having to concern about unit conversions. It is all expressed in
present day SI-units (e.g. UTC, Celsius, nautical miles, degrees, m/s and hPa).
In the laboring process of keying
the data from different sources, duplicate records may have been keyed when
more than one source was available from the same voyage. Usually these records
are not exact copies, but are more or less complementary to each other. The
identification of the duplicates is handled in the ShipLogbookID file (shiplogbookid1.0.txt).
If the user wants to avoid duplicates, he/she has to ignore those ID’s that
have the Duplicate-field in the ShipLogbookID file set to other values than
0.
In the following table the record
in the file cliwoc1.0.txt is explained.
|
Variable |
Start |
End |
Format |
Description |
|
YR |
1 |
4 |
A4 |
Year (UTC) |
|
MO |
5 |
6 |
A2 |
Month (UTC) |
|
DY |
7 |
8 |
A2 |
Day (UTC) |
|
HR |
9 |
12 |
A4 |
Hour (UTC) |
|
LAT |
13 |
17 |
A5 |
Latitude in
hundredths of a degree; North of the equator is positive, South of the
equator is negative |
|
LON |
18 |
23 |
A6 |
Longitude in
hundredths of a degree; convention: 0-359.99, East of Greenwich |
|
IM |
24 |
25 |
A2 |
IMMA version; 0 =
this prototype version |
|
ATTC |
26 |
26 |
A1 |
Attachment Count; presently
still 0 |
|
TI |
27 |
27 |
A1 |
Time indicator; only
0 (= nearest whole hour) |
|
LI |
28 |
28 |
A1 |
Latitude/longitude
indicator; for this moment still 6 (= other) |
|
DS |
29 |
29 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
VS |
30 |
30 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
NID |
31 |
32 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
II |
33 |
34 |
A2 |
ID indicator; all 10
(= composite information from early ship data). |
|
ID |
35 |
43 |
A9 |
Identification; In this release a number
is given that identifies the ship and the ships’ logbook. With this number you can look up this information
in the file: shiplogbookid1.0.txt |
|
C1 |
44 |
45 |
A2 |
Country code; gives the nationality of
the ship that made the observation: ES = Spain FR = France NL = The Netherlands UK = United Kingdom |
|
DI |
46 |
46 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
D |
47 |
49 |
A3 |
Wind direction (from
which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 =
variable. |
|
WI |
50 |
50 |
A1 |
Wind speed indicator;
all reported wind forces are more or less given in “Beaufort” classes (WI =
5); Much work still has to be done on the translation from the descriptive
terms to a reduced set of wind forces. |
|
W |
51 |
53 |
A3 |
Wind speed; given in tenths of a meter per second. From the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations, a first division into “Beaufort” classes resulted in the m/s given here. Most of the values are the midpoints of each Beaufort class, cf. WMO-1100. In those cases that more information was available, other values may have been used. Bft 0: 0-0.2 m/s Bft 1: 0.3-1.5 m/s Bft 2: 1.6-3.3 m/s Bft 3: 3.4-5.4 m/s Bft 4: 5.5-7.9 m/s Bft 5: 8.0-10.7 m/s Bft 6: 10.8-13.8 m/s Bft 7: 13.9-17.1 m/s Bft 8 17.2-20.7 m/s Bft 9: 20.8-24.4 m/s Bft 10: 24.5-28.4 m/s Bft 11: 28.5-32.6 m/s Bft 12: >32.6 m/s |
|
VI |
54 |
54 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
VV |
55 |
56 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
WW |
57 |
58 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
W1 |
59 |
59 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
SLP |
60 |
64 |
A5 |
Sea level pressure in tenths of hPa.
Still under study; No temperature correction was applied and for this moment
the following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch 13.596 specific gravity of mercury 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude |
|
A |
65 |
65 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
PPP |
66 |
68 |
A3 |
Not in use |
|
IT |
69 |
69 |
A1 |
Indicator for air temperatures,
originating from: 3 = mixed precision Celsius 7 = mixed precision Fahrenheit 9 = mixed precision Réaumur |
|
AT |
70 |
73 |
A4 |
Air temperature in
tenths of a degree Celsius |
|
WBTI |
74 |
74 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
WBT |
75 |
78 |
A4 |
Not in use |
|
DPTI |
79 |
79 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
DPT |
80 |
83 |
A4 |
Not in use |
|
SI |
84 |
85 |
A2 |
Method by which SST was taken; 10 = “implied” bucket |
|
SST |
86 |
89 |
A4 |
Sea surface
temperature in tenths of a degree Celsius |
|
N |
90 |
90 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
NH |
91 |
91 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
CL |
92 |
92 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
HI |
93 |
93 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
H |
94 |
94 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
CM |
95 |
95 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
CH |
96 |
96 |
A1 |
Not in use |
|
WD |
97 |
98 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
WP |
99 |
100 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
WH |
101 |
102 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
SD |
103 |
104 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
SP |
105 |
106 |
A2 |
Not in use |
|
SH |
107 |
108 |
A2 |
Not in use |
ASCII
filename: shiplogbookid1.0.txt
The file is in ASCII format and
contains 1,372 records of 67 characters long (including CR/LF).
In the following table the
record is explained.
|
Variable |
Start |
End |
Format |
Description |
|
ID |
1 |
4 |
A4 |
Identification number of the Ship and
Logbook |
|
Shipname |
5 |
34 |
A30 |
Name of the ship that made the
observation |
|
LogbookID |
35 |
64 |
A30 |
Logbook identification number |
|
Duplicate |
65 |
65 |
A1 |
Duplicate or original; 0=original,
1=first duplicate, 2=second duplicate, etc. |
Access97
filename: 97CLIWOC Release 1.0.mdb
Access2000 filename:
CLIWOC Release 1.0.mdb
The use of Access by the user
is assumed to be average. In this release no attempt was made to come up with
a user-friendly interface. Both Access versions have the same layout, but
the restriction is that you cannot use the Access2000 version in an Access97
environment!
The files contain 12 different
tables. The main table is named CLIWOC, which contains
the keyed data. To be able to use some of the elements in this table, it may
be necessary to consult one or more of the additional tables.
CLIWOC release 1.0 table names |
Contents |
|
220,738 records |
|
|
1,534 records |
|
|
108 records |
|
|
798 records |
|
|
117 records |
|
|
246 records |
|
|
121 records |
|
|
1,098 records |
|
|
103 records |
|
|
957 records |
|
|
222,915 records |
|
|
1,372 records |
CLIWOC table
In the following table the record of the CLIWOC-table is explained. Where necessary, pointers to other tables are given. Since this release is not the final one, be cautious using the information as is. If you want to be sure, the ASCII version in IMMA-format is the best you can use. That part had the best QC, so far.
Table name: CLIWOC |
|
|
Field name |
Field description |
|
RecID |
Automatically generated record number |
|
Duplicate |
Indicator for duplicate records. 0=original record, 1=1st
duplicate, 2=2nd duplicate, etc. (see table ShipLogbookID) |
|
InstAbbr |
Abbreviation of the Institute where the original data is
stored |
|
InstName |
Name of the Institute where the original data is stored |
|
InstPlace |
Place of the Institute where the original data is stored |
|
InstLand |
Country of the Institute where the original data is
stored |
|
LogbookIdent |
Identification of the logbook that holds the underlying
data; e.g. a number or code (see table ShipLogbookID) |
|
LogbookLanguage |
Language used in the logbook |
|
DASnumber |
Dutch Asiatic Shipping Number |
|
VoyageFrom |
Ship departed from (see table Geodata) |
|
VoyageTo |
Ship sailed to (see table Geodata) |
|
ShipName |
Name of the ship (see table ShipLogbookID) |
|
ShipType |
Type of ship; e.g. schooner, barque, frigate |
|
Company |
Company which owns or manages the ship |
|
OtherShipInformation |
Additional ship information that was found in the
logbook |
|
Nationality |
Nationality of ship |
|
Name1 |
Name of principal observer |
|
Rank1 |
Full rank of principal observer |
|
Name2 |
Name of second observer |
|
Rank2 |
Full rank of second observer |
|
Name3 |
Name of third observer |
|
Rank3 |
Full rank of third observer |
|
ZeroMeridian |
Meridian that is used as the reference for the ships' longitude;
This longitude is given in the table Geodata |
|
DistUnits |
Units of distances, given in the logbook |
|
DistToLandmarkUnits |
Units of distances to landmarks, given in the logbook |
|
DistTravelledUnits |
Units of distances sailed, given in the logbook |
|
LongitudeUnits |
Longitudes used: "180 degrees"=180E-180W,
"360 degrees"= 0-360E |
|
UnitsOfMeasurement |
Other units used for measurements |
|
Calendar |
Calendar used in original logbook: 1=Julian; 2=Gregorian |
|
Year |
Year of the observation from logbook |
|
Month |
Month of the observation from logbook |
|
Day |
Day of the observation from logbook |
|
DayOfTheWeek |
Possible values Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday |
|
TimeOB |
Time of the observation, usually 12:00 hours (noon) |
|
UTC |
DTG expressed in UTC (if possible) corrected for
longitude and calendar |
|
CMG |
Course made good; Average course during the past 24
hours |
|
ShipSpeed |
Ships' speed; Average speed during the past 24 hours |
|
Distance |
Distance travelled during last 24 hours |
|
DrLatDeg |
Dead reckoning degrees latitude |
|
DrLatMin |
Dead reckoning minutes latitude |
|
DrLatSec |
Dead reckoning seconds latitude |
|
DrLatHem |
Dead reckoning hemisphere (N/S) |
|
DrLongDeg |
Dead reckoning degrees longitude |
|
DrLongMin |
Dead reckoning minutes longitude |
|
DrLongSec |
Dead reckoning seconds longitude |
|
DrLongHem |
Dead reckoning hemisphere (E/W) |
|
LatDeg |
True degrees latitude |
|
LatMin |
True minutes latitude |
|
LatSec |
True seconds latitude |
|
LatHem |
True Hemisphere (N/S) |
|
LongDeg |
True degrees longitude |
|
LongMin |
True minutes longitude |
|
LongSec |
True seconds longitude |
|
LongHem |
True Hemisphere (E/W) |
|
Lat3 |
Corrected and converted Decimal Latitude |
|
Lon3 |
Corrected and converted Decimal Longitude |
|
LatInd |
Position Indicator, explains what was the origin of the
given Decimal Latitude; 1=Dead Reckoning; 2=True; 3=interpolated;
4=transposed position (best fit); 5=geographical position looked up;
6=missing |
|
LonInd |
Position Indicator, explains what was the origin of the
given Decimal Longitude; 1=Dead Reckoning; 2=True; 3=interpolated;
4=transposed position (best fit); 5=geographical position looked up;
6=missing |
|
PosCoastal |
True if position is considered to be coastal (in port or
near coastal disturbances) |
|
EncName |
Name of ship that was encountered or is in company |
|
EncNat |
Nationality of ship that was encountered or sails in
company |
|
EncRem |
Remarks on encounter |
|
Anchored |
ship at anchor |
|
AnchorPlace |
Ship at anchor or moored in port or anchored on the port's
roads (see table Geodata) |
|
LMname1 |
Name of first landmark of which a bearing was recorded
(see table Geodata) |
|
LMdirection1 |
Bearing of the first landmark |
|
LMdistance1 |
Distance to the first landmark |
|
LMname2 |
Name of second landmark of which a bearing was recorded
(see table Geodata) |
|
LMdirection2 |
Bearing of the second landmark |
|
LMdistance2 |
Distance to the second landmark |
|
LMname3 |
Name of third landmark of which a bearing was recorded
(see table Geodata) |
|
LMdirection3 |
Bearing of the third landmark |
|
LMdistance3 |
Distance to the third landmark |
|
WindDirection |
Wind direction at the time of observation (TimeOB). Remark. 1: Generally the wind directions
are not reported in numbers, but in points of the compass, instead.
Since four languages were used in this project, every language has its
own lookup table to convert the points of the compass to degrees. See
tables Lookup_ES_WindDirection, Lookup_FR_WindDirection,
Lookup_NL_WindDirection and Lookup_UK_WindDirection. Remark. 2: It is assumed that the wind
directions are reported relative to the magnetic north direction. A
correction has to be applied to derive a correct direction relative
to the true north direction. An approach of this correction may be found
in the table Magnetic_Declinations. |
|
AllWindDirections |
All reported wind directions on this day; See remarks
under WindDirection. |
|
WindForce |
Wind force reported during the time of observation
(TimeOB). Remark: Most of the reported wind forces
are expressed in a special vocabulary. Again the four different languages
in this project caused the vocabularies to be separated. Lookup tables
are given in this database under the names Lookup_ES_WindForce,
Lookup_FR_WindForce, Lookup_NL_WindForce and Lookup_UK_WindForce.
Additionally to this database, a multilingual dictionary is available
in print and in PDF format on this CD-ROM. |
|
WindForceScale |
If given the number of the wind force |
|
AllWindForces |
All reported wind forces on this day. See
remarks under WindForce |
|
Weather |
Weather description |
|
ShapeClouds |
Shape of the clouds |
|
DirClouds |
Directions of the clouds |
|
Clearness |
Clearness/Brightness of the sky |
|
PrecipitationDescriptor |
Description of the precipitation |
|
CloudFrac |
Clouded part of the sky |
|
Gusts |
Wind gusts |
|
Rain |
Rain |
|
Fog |
Fog |
|
Snow |
Snow |
|
Thunder |
Thunder |
|
Hail |
Hail |
|
SeaIce |
Sea-ice |
|
SSTReading |
Reading of the sea surface thermometer |
|
SSTReadingUnits |
Units of the sea surface thermometer reading |
|
StateSea |
State of the sea |
|
CurrentDir |
Direction of the current |
|
CurrentSpeed |
Speed of the current |
|
TairReading |
Reading of the (outside) air thermometer |
|
AirThermReadingUnits |
Units of the (outside) air thermometer reading |
|
BaroReading |
Reading of the air pressure |
|
AirPressureReadingUnits |
Units of the reading of the air pressure |
|
BarometerType |
Barometer type |
|
BarTempReading |
Reading of the attached thermometer |
|
BarTempReadingUnits |
Units of the reading of the attached thermometer |
|
PumpWater |
Amount of water reported at the pump |
|
WaterAtThePumpUnits |
Units of the amount of water reported at the pump |
|
LifeOnBoard |
Tagged if a description of the life on board the ship is
written in the logbook on this day |
|
LifeOnBoardMemo |
Description of the life on board the ship that is
written in the logbook on this day |
|
Cargo |
Tagged if a description of the cargo on board the ship
is written in the logbook on this day |
|
CargoMemo |
Description of the cargo on board the ship that is
written in the logbook on this day |
|
ShipAndRig |
Tagged if a description of the ship and/or rig on board
the ship is written in the logbook on this day |
|
ShipAndRigMemo |
Description of the ship and/or rig on board the ship
that is written in the logbook on this day |
|
Biology |
Tagged if a description of some biological information
on board or near the ship is written in the logbook on this day |
|
BiologyMemo |
Description of some biological information on board or
near the ship that was written in the logbook on this day |
|
WarsAndFights |
Tagged if a description of wars and/or fights in which
the ship was involved, is written in the logbook on this day |
|
WarsAndFightsMemo |
Description of wars and/or fights in which the ship was
involved, that was written in the logbook on this day |
|
Illustrations |
Tagged if an illustration was given in the logbook on
this day |
|
TrivialCorrection |
Tagged if one or more trivial corrections were applied
in this record |
|
OtherRem |
Other remarks |
Geodata table
In the following table the outline of the records in the Geodata table is given. This table is initially used to find the longitude of the zero-meridian that was used in the logbooks. Later this table became a lookup table for many of the used geographical names, e.g. anchor places, names of landmarks, ports sailed to and from, etc..
Table name: Geodata |
|
|
Field name |
Description |
|
ID |
Record number |
|
VEcode |
Codes used by A.R.T. Jonkers in his program “Voyage
Editor”; neither the code nor the program is used in CLIWOC |
|
Place |
Original name (and spelling) of the place found in the
logbook. Regularly more than one spelling were used for the same place. We decided
to keep the original spelling in tact, as much as possible. |
|
DecLatitude |
Latitude in decimal degrees; North is positive, South is
negative |
|
DecLongitude |
Longitude in decimal degrees; East is positive, West is
negative |
|
Source |
Name of the source where the position of the place was
found |
|
ModernName |
Modern English name of the place |
|
Alternative Name |
Sometimes another name is common as well |
|
Ocean |
The name of the ocean where the place may be found |
|
Spanish |
Place name in Spanish |
|
Dutch |
Place name in Dutch |
|
French |
Place name in French |
|
Notes |
Additional notes |
Lookup tables wind direction
In this lookup
table the wind directions from the logbooks, generally expressed in points
of the compass, is translated/converted, where possible, in whole degrees.
Table name: Lookup_xx_WindDirection (xx = ES, FR, NL or UK) |
|
|
Field name |
Description |
|
ID |
Record number |
|
WindDirection |
Wind direction expression, found in the CLIWOC
table |
|
ProbWindDD |
Wind direction in degrees; 0=no wind, 1-360=direction (e.g. 90: wind coming from the East,
180: wind from the South, 270: wind from the West and 360: wind from the
North), 500=missing or unknown direction, 999=variable. |
Lookup tables wind force
In the lookup table for wind forces, the wind force terms, used in the logbooks, is converted/translated in modern day equivalents, e.g. Beaufort and m/s. Additionally to this table in the CLIWOC database, a multilingual dictionary is available in print and in PDF format on this CD-ROM.
Table name: Lookup_xx_WindForce (xx = ES, FR, NL or UK) |
|
|
Field name |
Description |
|
ID |
Record number |
|
WindForce |
Wind force expression, found in the CLIWOC
table |
|
CLIWOC Class |
Wind force according to a coarse scale (originally named
KoKo-scale) where: 1 = 0-1 Beaufort 2 = 2-4 Beaufort 3 = 5-7 Beaufort 4 = > 7 Beaufort 8 = Other 9 = Missing value |
|
Beaufort |
Beaufort class, cf. WMO-1100. 0: 0-0.2 m/s 1: 0.3-1.5 m/s 2: 1.6-3.3 m/s 3: 3.4-5.4 m/s 4: 5.5-7.9 m/s 5: 8.0-10.7 m/s 6: 10.8-13.8 m/s 7: 13.9-17.1 m/s 8 17.2-20.7 m/s 9: 20.8-24.4 m/s 10: 24.5-28.4 m/s 11: 28.5-32.6 m/s 12: >32.6 m/s |
|
mps |
Generally the midpoints of the Beaufort-classes were
used. There where more information was available other values may have been
used. |
Magnetic declination table
It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships’ officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefor the wind direction has to be corrected. In the following table the magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. To find the correction, look it up with a rounded (to 5 whole degrees) position and the year of observation. The found number has to be added to the wind direction.
Table name: MagneticDeclination |
|
|
Field name |
Description |
|
ID |
Record number |
|
Lat |
Latitude in decimal degrees; North is positive, South is
negative |
|
Lon |
Longitude in decimal degrees; East is positive, West is
negative |
|
Year |
Year |
|
Declination |
Declination in degrees |
Ship Logbook Identification table
This table is used to identify the source of the observation. On ship voyages there were generally more than one logbook kept by the captain and the officers. In some occasions it seemed appropriate to show both entries as a separate observation, especially where they seemed to be complementary. In other cases abstract (or extract) logbooks were made from the original ones. We decided to keep the abstract and the originals in the database for further study.
Table name: ShipLogbookID |
|
Field name |
Description |
|
ID |
Record number |
|
ShipName |
Name of the ship |
|
LogbookIdent |
Identification code of the original ships’ logbook |
|
Duplicate |
Code, indicating whether the logbook was the original or
a duplicate/extract; 0=original, 1=1st duplicate, 2=2nd
duplicate, etc.. |
