Enanas Marrones y enanas muy frías (últimos-M, L, T) /
Brown Dwarfs and ultracool dwarfs (late-M, L, T)

Links

Brown Dwarfs (David Griffin)

Brown Dwarfs talk by I. Neill Reid

Brown Dwarfs (Gibor Basri)

Brown dwarf and exoplanet links/ Enlaces de enanas marrones y exoplanetas (J.A. Caballero)

Catalogos / Catalogs

Online Brown Dwarf Catalog compiled and maintained by Christopher R. Gelino at New Mexico State University

Late-M and L Field Dwarfs Spectra from "Spectroscopic Classification of Late-M and L Field Dwarfs",
(Martín E.L. et al., 1999, AJ 118, 2466), maintained by David Montes, UCM

Keck LRIS spectra of late-M, L and T dwarfs I. Neill Reid
(Kirkpatrick et al. 1999, ApJ 519, 802)

An Archive of M, L, and T Dwarf Photometry and Spectra DwarfArchives.org (Chris Gelino, Davy Kirkpatrick, Adam Burgasser)

T dwarfs spectra list of known sources and a repository of photometric and spectral data (Adam Burgasser, UCLA)

M, L and T dwarf data archive (Sandy Leggett, JAC Hawaii)

Ultracool Dwarf Catalog IAC (Eduardo Martín, Juan Cabrera, Elena Cenizo, Astronomische Nachrichten, 2005,)

Very Low Mass Binaries Archive (I. N., Siegler)

Las primeras Enanas Marrones / The first Brown Dwarfs

Brown dwarf discovered in Pleiades, PPL 15

First "brown dwarf confirmed in space, PPL 15 (1995)

Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B HST image

Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B NASA

Astronomers Announce First Clear Evidence of a Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B (NASA PR 95-212)

KELU-1 (ESO Press Release 07/97)

Confirmed Brown Dwarfs

Projectos / Research Proyects

Brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets (IAC)

Giant Exoplanets, Brown Dwarfs and Very Low Mass Stars (J.A. Caballero, IAC)

Enanas marrones y exoplanetas / Brown dwarfs and ExoPlanets (LAEFF)

Research on Brown Dwarfs (Univ. of California, Berkeley)

Low Mass Stars, Brown Dwarfs & Extra-Solar Planets (Liverpool John Moores University)

T dwarfs (A. Burgasser, UCLA)

Meeting the Neighbours, A 2MASS-based survey of stars and brown dwarfs within 20 parsecs of the Sun (I. Neill Reid)

The NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey (BDSS) (Ian McLean, et al.)

• I: Low-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectra (McLean, et al., 2003, ApJ, 596, 561)
• II: High-Resolution J-Band Spectra of M, L and T Dwarfs (McLean, et al., 2007, ApJ 658, 1217)

Investigadores / Researchs

• Rafael Rebolo (IAC) -- (rrl@iac.es)
• Eduardo L. Martín (IfA, Hawaii) -- (ege@ifa.hawaii.edu)
• Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa (LAEFF) -- (mosorio@laeff.esa.es)
• Bejar, Victor J.S. (IAC) -- (vbejar@ll.iac.es)
• Caballero, Josén Antonio -(IAC) - (zvezda@ll.iac.es)
• Gibor Basri (Univ. of California, Berkeley) -- (gbasri@astro.berkeley.edu)
• Tadashi Nakajima NOA (Shri Kulkarni's Group at Caltech)
• Ben R. Oppenheimer -- (Berkeley)
• I. Neill Reid University of Pennsylvania -- (inr@morales.physics.upenn.edu)
• J. Davy Kirkpatrick Caltech -- (davy@ipac.caltech.edu)
• Jeff Regester (Steward Observatory)
• Adam Burrows (Univ. of Arizona) -- (burrows@physics.arizona.edu)
• James Liebert (Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona and Space Telescope Science Institute) -- (liebert@stsci.edu)
• Chris Tinney -- (cgt@aaoepp.aao.gov.au)
• Tom Geballe, Gemini Observatory
• Adam Burgasser UCLA -- (diver@its.caltech.edu)
• Sandy Legget, Joint Astronomy Centre, Hawaii
• Ray Jayawardhana (Univ. Michigan)

Articulos relacionados / Related Papers

• "Discovery of a brown dwarf in the Pleiades star cluster"
  R.Rebolo, M.R. Zapatero-Osorio, E.L. Martin, 1995 Nature, 377, 129

• "Discovery of a cool brown dwarf"
  Nakajima et al., 1995 Nature, 378, 463

• "Brown dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster confirmed by the Lithium test"
  R. Rebolo, E. L. Martín, G. Basri, G. W. Marcy, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, 1996 ApJ 469, L53

• "Spectroscopy of New Substellar Candidates in the Pleiades: Towards a Spectral Sequence for Young Brown Dwarfs".
  E.L. Martin, R.Rebolo, and M.R. Zapatero-Osorio, 1996 ApJ 469, 706

• "Synthetic Spectra and Mass Determination of the Brown Dwarf GI 229B".
  France Allard, Peter H. Hauschildt, Isabelle Baraffe and Giles Chabrier, 1996 ApJ 465, L123

• "The Near-Infrared Spectrum of the Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B"
  Geballe T.R., Kulkarni S.R., Woodward C.E. & Sloan G.C, 1996 ApJ 467, L101

• "Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster: a CCD-based R, I survey"
  M.R.Zapatero-Osorio, R. Rebolo, E.L. Martin., 1996 A&A 317, 164

• "Brown dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster. II. J, H and K photometry"
  M.R.Zapatero-Osorio, E.L. Martin., R. Rebolo, 1997 A&A 323, 105

• "Discovery of the lowest mass brown dwarf in the Pleiades"
  Cossburn M.R., Hodgkin S.T., Jameson R.F. and Pinfield D.J., 1997 MNRAS 288 L23

• "New Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster"
  M.R. Zapatero Osorio, R. Rebolo, E.L. Martin, G. Basri, A. Magazzu, S.T. Hodgkini, R.F. Jameson, M. Cossburn, 1997, ApJ Letters 491, L81

• "Brown dwarfs in the Pleiades. II. A deep optical and near infrared survey"
  L. Festin, 1998, A&A 333, 497

• " A Search for Very low-mass Pre-Main Sequence stars in Taurus"
  Briceño et al. 1998, AJ 115, 2074

• "A brown dwarf candidate in the Praesepe Open Cluster"
  A. Magazzu, R. Rebolo, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, E. L. Martin, S. T. Hodgkin, 1998, ApJ 497, L47

• "The Spectrum of the Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B"
  B. R. Oppenheimer, S. R. Kulkarni, K. Matthews, M. H. van Kerkwijk, 1998, ApJ 502, 932

• "Spectroscopy of Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Clusters"
  E.L. Martin, 1998, in: Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Stellar Clusters and Associati ons

• "Optical Spectroscopy of DENIS Mini-survey Brown Dwarf Candidates"
  C.G. Tinney, X. Delfosse, T. Forveille, F. Allard 1998, A&A 338, 1066

• "High-resolution Spectra of Very Low-Mass Stars"
  C.G. Tinney, I.N. Reid, 1998, MNRAS 301, 1031

• "Field Brown Dwarfs Discovered by 2MASS and the Definition of a New Spectral Type Cooler Than "M""
  J. D. Kirkpatrick et al. 1998, (192nd Meeting AAS)
  • An L-type dwarf in the constellation Leo
  • New Class of Starlike Objects Found

• "Brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in the Pleiades cluster: a deep wide-field imaging survey"
  Bouvier et al., 1998, A&A 336, 490

• "The first L-type brown dwarf in the Pleiades"
  E. L. Martin et al., 1998, ApJL, 507, L41

• "Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G196-3",
  Rebolo et al., 1998 Science 282, 1309

• "Brown Dwarfs"
  Ben R. Oppenheimer, S. R. Kulkarni, John R. Stauffer 1999, in "Protostars and Planets IV", V. Mannings, A. Boss, S. Russell, eds. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press), in press

• "Brown Dwarfs: From Mythical to Ubiquitous"
  J. Liebert, 1999, in "Unsolved Problems in Stellar Evolution," ed. M. Livio, Cambridge University Press, in press

• "Astrometry and photometry for brown dwarfs candidates in the Hyades",
  Harris H.C. et al., 1999, AJ 117, 339

• "Brown dwarfs in the Hyades and beyond?"
  Reid I.N., Hawley S.L., 1999, AJ 117, 343

• "Spectroscopy of brown dwarfs candidates in the rho Oph molecular core",
  Wilking B.A., et al., 1999, AJ 117, 469

• "Brown dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster. III. A deep IZ survey"
  Zapatero Osorio M.R. et al., 1999, A&AS 134, 537

• "Searching for very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with DENIS"
  Delfosse X., et al., 1999, A&AS 135, 41

• "Search for X-ray emission from bona-fide and candidate brown dwarfs"
  Neuhaeuser R. et al., 1999, A&A, 383, 883

• "A Search for Very Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Young sigma Orionis Cluster"
  V. J. S. Bejar, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, R. Rebolo 1999, ApJ 521, 671

• "EROS 2 proper motion survey: a field brown dwarf and an L dwarf companion to LHS 102"
  B. Goldman, X. Delfosse, T. Forveille, C. Afonso et al: the EROS collaboration 1999, A&A 351, L5

• "A 2MASS Survey for Brown Dwarfs Towards the Hyades"
  John E. Gizis, I. Neill Reid, David G. Monet, 1999, AJ 118, 997

• "The lithium test in young brown dwarf candidates",
  E. L. Martín, G. Basri, and M. R. Zapatero Osorio, 1999, AJ 118, 1005

• "L Dwarfs and the Substellar Mass Function"
  I. N. Reid, J. D. Kirkpatrick, J. Liebert, et al., 1999, ApJ (20 August 1999) 521, 613

• "Dwarfs Cooler than "M": The Definition of Spectral Type "L" Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)",
  Kirkpatrick J.D., et al., 1999, ApJ 519, 802

• "Spectroscopic Classification of Late-M and L Field Dwarfs",
  Martín E.L., et al., 1999, AJ 118, 2466

• "An Effective Temperature Scale for Late M and L Dwarfs, from Resonance Absorption Lines of Cs I and Rb I",
  Basri G. et al., 2000, ApJ 538, 363

• "An Improved Optical Spectrum and New Model Fits of the Likely Brown Dwarf GD 165B",
  Kirkpatrick J.D., et al., 1999, ApJ 519, 834

• "A search for variability in brown dwarfs and L dwarfs"
  C.A.L. Bailer-Jones, R. Mundt, 1999, A&A 348, 800

• "Discovery of a faint Field Methane Brown Dwarf from ES0 NTT and VLT observations"
  J.G. Cuby et al., 1999, A&A 349, L41

• "The Near-Infrared and Optical Spectra of Methane Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs"
  A. Burrows, M.S. Marley, C.M. Sharp, 1999, ApJ in press

• "Discovery of Four Field Methane (T-Type) Dwarfs with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey",
  Burgasser et al., 1999 ApJ 522, L65

  DENIS-P J1228.2-154

  • "Keck HIRES spectra of the brown dwarf DENIS-P J1228.2-1547"
    E.L. Martin, G. Basri, X. Delfosse, T. Forveille, 1997, A&A 327, L29
  • "A Search for Companions to Nearby Brown Dwarfs: the Binary DENIS-P J1228.2-154",
    E.L. Martin, W. Brandner, G. Basri, 1999, Science 283, 1718
  • "Astrometric monitoring of the binary brown dwarf DENIS-P J1228.2-1547",
    W. Brandner, E.L. Martin, H. Bouy, et al. 2004, A&A 428, 205-208

• "An L-type substellar object in Orion: reaching the mass boundary between brown dwarfs and giant planets"
  M.R. Zapatero Osorio et al., 1999, ApJ Letters, 524, L115

• "L Dwarfs Found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Imaging Data",
  SDSS Collaboration, Xiaohui Fan, et al., 2000, AJ, 119, 928

• "Four Nearby L Dwarfs".
  I. Neill Reid et al., 2000, AJ 119, 369

• "Keck Imaging of Binary L Dwarfs",
  D.W. Koerner et al., 1999 ApJ 526, L25

• "The density of methane brown dwarfs: observational and theoretical constraints",
  F. D'Antona, E. Oliva, A. Zeppieri, 1999 A&A, in press

• "Young Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in IC 348",
  K. L. Luhman, 1999, ApJ 525, 466

• "A Keck/HST Survey for Companions to Low-Luminosity Dwarfs",
  D.W. Koerner et al., 1999, in ASP Conference Proceedings, "From Giant Planets to Cool Stars," eds. Griffith and Marley

• "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Cool Brown Dwarf, SDSS 1624+00",
  T. Nakajima et al., 1999, PASJ in press

• "The Discovery of a Second Field Methane Brown Dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data",
  SDSS Collaboration, Zlatan I. Tsvetanov, et al., 2000, ApJ Letters 531, L61

• "Formation of the optical spectra of the coolest M- and L-dwarfs and lithium abundances in their atmospheres",
  Ya. Pavlenko, IAU Symposium 198: The Light Elements and their Evolution (Natal), ASP Conf. Series, 2000

• "On the Interpretation of the Optical Spectra of L-type Dwarfs",
  Ya. Pavlenko, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, R. Rebolo , 2000, A&A 355, 245

• "Discovery of a Brown Dwarf Companion to Gliese 570ABC: A 2MASS T Dwarf Significantly Cooler than Gliese 229B",
  A. J. Burgasser et al., 2000, ApJL 531, L57

• "Analysis of The Hipparcos Measurements of HD10697 - A Mass Determination of a Brown-Dwarf Secondary",
  Zucker & Mazeh, 2000, ApJL 531, L67

• "IZ Photometry of L dwarfs and the implications for brown dwarf surevys",
  I. A. Steele, L. Howells, 2000, MNRAS 313, L43

• "Discovery of Young, Isolated Planetary Mass Objects in the σ Orionis Star Cluster",
  Zapatero Osorio, M.R., et al., 2000, Sci 290, 103

• "A Population of very young Brown Dwarfs and free-floating Planets in Orion",
  P. W. Lucas, P. F. Roche, 2000, MNRAS 314, 858

• "An Improved Red Spectrum of the Methane or T-dwarf SDSS 1624+0029: Role of the Alkali Metals",
  Liebert, et al., 2000, Ap.J. Letters 533, L155

• "Detection of Hα Emission in a Methane (T-Type) Brown Dwarf",
  Burgasser, et al., 2000, AJ 120, 473

• "A Survey for Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Upper-Scorpius OB Association",
  Ardila, Martín, & Basri, 2000, AJ 120, 479

• "Sixty-seven Additional L Dwarfs Discovered by the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)",
  Kirkpatrick, et al., 2000, AJ 120, 447

• "New Neighbors from 2MASS: Activity and Kinematics at the Bottom of the Main Sequence",
  Gizis et al., 2000, AJ 120, 1085

• "Discovery of a Bright Field Methane (T-Type) Brown Dwarf by 2MASS"
  Burgasser A.J., et al., 2000, AJ 120, 1100

• "The Initial Mass Function of Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Young Clusters",
  Luhman et al., 2000, ApJ, 540, 1016

• "The Missing Link: Early Methane ("T") Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey",
  Leggett et al., 2000, ApJ Letters, in press

• "Low-mass spectroscopic binaries in the Hyades: a candidate brown dwarf companion",
  I.N. Reid, S. Mahoney, 2000, MNRAS 316, 827

• "The Onset of Methane in L Dwarfs",
  Noll et al. 2000, ApJ 541, L75

• "Infrared Spectra and Spectral Energy Distributions of Late-M- and L-Dwarfs",
  Leggett et al., 2001, ApJ 548, 908

• "A search for L dwarf binary systems",
  Reid et al., 2001, AJ 121, 489

• "The Best Brown Dwarf Yet?: A Companion to the Hyades Eclipsing Binary V471 Tau",
  E.F. Guinan, I. Ribas, 2001, ApJ Letters, 546, L43

• Descubierta la estrella más pequeña de la vecindad solar (21/11/00)
• "DENIS-P J104814.7-395606.1: An M9 dwarfs at about 4 pc",
  Delfosse X., et al., 2001, A&A Letters 366, L13

• "A 2MASS L Dwarf Companion to the Nearby K Dwarf GJ 1048",
  Gizis J.E., et al., 2001, Astronomical Journal 121, 2185

• "A Coronagraphic Survey for Companions of Stars within 8 Parsecs",
  Oppenheimer B.R., et al., 2001, Astronomical Journal 121, 2189

• "Infrared Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarfs: the onset of methane absorption in L dwarfs and the L/T transition",
  Geballe T.R., et al., to be published in Lecture Notes in Physics, proceedings of the Ultracool Dwarfs Workshop, IAU General Assembly, (Manchester, 12 August 2000), Hugh Jones and Ian Steele (eds), Springer Verlag

• "Brown Dwarf Companions to G-type Stars. I: Gliese 417B and Gliese 584C",
  Kirkpatrick et al., 2001, AJ, 121, 3235

• "Spectroscopic Discovery of Brown Dwarf like Secondary Stars in the Cataclysmic Variables LL Andromedae and EF Eridani",
  S.B. Howell, D.R. Ciardi, 2001, ApJ 550, L57

• "Near-infrared spectral classification of late M and L dwarfs",
  Reid et al., 2001, AJ 121, 1710

• "Unified Model Photospheres for Ultracool Dwarfs of the Types L and T",
  Takashi Tsuji, 2001, IAU Workshop on "Ultracool Dwarfs: Surveys, Properties and Spectral Classification"

• "The Substellar Mass Function in sigma Orionis",
  Bejar et al., 2001, ApJ, in press

• "Photometric Variability in the Ultracool Dwarf BRI 0021-0214: Possible Evidence for Dust Clouds",
  Martín E.L., Zapatero Osorio M.R., Lehto H.J., 2001, ApJ, 557, 822
• "L-dwarf variability: Magnetic star spots or non-uniform clouds?",
  Gelino et al., 2001, ApJL, in press

• "L-Band Photometry of L and T Dwarfs",
  Stephens, et al., 2001, ApJL, in press

• Brown dwarfs are stellar embryos evicted by siblings (3 July 2001)
  "The Formation of Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos",
  B. Reipurth, C. Clarke, 2001, AJ, 122, 432

• "Analysis of Keck HIRES Spectra of Early L-Type Dwarfs",
  Schweitzer A., et al., 2001, ApJ, 555, 368

• "Exploring Brown Dwarf Disks",
  A. Natta, L. Testi, 2001, A&A Letters in press

• "Keck NIRC Observations of Planetary-mass Candidate Members in the sigma Orionis Open Cluster",
  E. L. Martin, et al., 2001, ApJ 558, L117

• "Optical spectroscopy of isolated planetary mass objects in the sigma Orionis cluster",
  D. Barrado-y-Navascués, et al., 2001, A&A, 377, L9

• "Three Wide-Separation L dwarf Companions from the Two Micron All Sky Survey: Gl 337C, Gl 618.1B, and HD 89744B",
  J.C. Wilson, et al., 2001, AJ, 122, 1989

• "Infrared Photometry of Late-M, L, and T Dwarfs",
  S. K. Leggett, et al., 2001, ApJ, August 2001

• "Towards Spectral Classification of L and T Dwarfs: Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy and Analysis",
  Geballe et al., 2001, ApJ, Dec 20, 2001

• "Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs around Sigma Orionis",
  Kenyon et al., 2001, 12th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars Stellar Systems and the Sun

• "Four Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus Star-Forming Region",
  Martín et al., 2001, ApJ Letters 561, L195

• "Effective Temperatures of late L dwarfs and the onset of Methane signatures",
  Schweitzer, et al., 2001, ApJ (in press)

• "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarfs: Methane and the Transition between the L and T Spectral Types",
  Ian S. McLean, et al., 2001, ApJ 561, L115

• "H- and K-Band Methane Features in an L Dwarf, 2MASS 0920+35",
  Tadashi Nakajima, et al., 2001, ApJ 561, L119

• "Probing Dust in the Atmosphere of Brown Dwarfs through Polarization",
  Sujan Sengupta and Vinod Krishan, 2001, ApJ 561, L123

• "Atmospheric Analysis of the M/L- and M/T-Dwarf Binary Systems LHS 102 and Gliese 229",
  Leggett, et al., 2001, MNRAS, in press

• "X-Ray Detection from Bona Fide and Candidate Brown Dwarfs in the Ophiuchi Cloud with Chandra",
  Imanishi et al., 2001, ApJ, 563, 361

• "A Near-Infrared Wide-Field Proper Motion Search for Brown Dwarfs",
  Hinz, et al., 2002, AJ, 123, 2027

• "Periodic photometric variability of the brown dwarf Kelu-1",
  Clarke, Tinney, & Covey, 2002, MNRAS, 332, 361

• "A Statistical Analysis of The Extrasolar Planets and The Low-Mass Secondaries",
  Tsevi Mazeh, Shay Zucker , 2002, Reviews in Modern Astronomy, 15

• "A Search for Variability in the Active T dwarf 2MASS 1237+6526",
  Burgasser et al. , 2002, AJ, 123, 2744
• "On the Nature of the Unique Halpha-Emitting T Dwarf 2MASS J12373919+6526148",
  Liebert & Burgasser, 2007, ApJ, 655, 522

• "An Adaptive Optics Survey of M8-M9 Stars: Discovery of 4 Very Low mass Binaries With at Least One System Containing a Brown Dwarf Companion",
  Close, et al., 2002, ApJ 567, L57

• "Hokupa'a-Gemini Discovery of Two Ultracool Companions to the Young Star HD 130948",
  D. Potter, E.L. Martín, M.C. Cushing, et al., 2002, ApJ 567, L133

• "Rotation and Activity in Mid-M to L Dwarfs",
  S. Mohanty, G. Basri, 2002, in proceedings of 'Cool Stars and the Sun 12' -- 2003, ApJ 583, 451

• "Activity in Very Cool Stars: Magnetic Dissipation in late-M and L Dwarf Atmospheres",
  S. Mohanty, G. Basri, et al., 2002, ApJ, 571, 469

• "Near-Infrared Adaptive Optics Spectroscopy of Binary Brown Dwarf HD 130948B and C",
  Goto et al. , 2002, ApJ 567, L59

• "Lithium and Hα in stars and brown dwarfs of sigma Orionis",
  Zapatero Osorio M.R., et al., 2002, A&A, 384, 937

• "X-ray emission from the ultracool dwarf LHS 2065",
  J.H.M.M. Schmitt and C. Liefke, 2002, A&A, 382, L9

• "Effective Temperatures of Late L Dwarfs and the Onset of Methane Signatures",
  Schweitzer et al., 2002, ApJ 566, 435

• "Discovery of the first young brown dwarf in the Serpens cluster",
  Lodieu N. et al., 2002, A&A 382, L15

• "Discovery of a Methane Dwarf from the IfA-Deep Survey",
  Liu M.C., et al., 2002, ApJ, 568, L107

• "Activity at the Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit in Orion",
  Zapatero Osorio M.R., et al., 2002, ApJ, 569, L99

• "Characterization of M, L and T dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey",
  Hawley S.L., et al., 2002, AJ, in press

• "High resolution spectroscopy of ultracool M dwarfs",
  Reid et al., 2002, AJ, in press

• "Dust in the Photospheric Environment:"
  • I. Unified Cloudy Models of M, L, and T Dwarfs,
    Takashi Tsuji, 2002, ApJ, 575, 264
  • II. Effect on the Near Infrared Spectra of L and T Dwarfs,
    Takashi Tsuji, et al. 2004, ApJ, in press
• "Comparison of cloud models for Brown Dwarfs",
  Helling et al., 2007, "Exoplantes: Detection, Formation, Dynamics"

• "The "Mysterious" Origin of Brown Dwarfs",
  P. Padoan, A. Nordlund, 2002, ApJ, in press

• "Astrometry and Photometry for Cool Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs",
  C.C. Dahn, et al., 2002, AJ, in press

• "Evidence for Cloud Disruption in the L/T Dwarf Transition",
  A.J. Burgasser, et al., 2002, ApJ L, in press
  Jupiter-like weather on brown dwarfs (May 26, 2002)

• "Discovery of three nearby L dwarfs in the Southern Sky",
  N. Lodieu, R.-D. Scholz, M.J. McCaughrean, 2002, A&A L, 389, L20

• "L-dwarf variability: I-band observations",
  Gelino C.R., et al., 2002, ApJ, in press

• "Dust clouds or magnetic spots? Exploring the atmospheres of L dwarfs with time-resolved spectrophotometry",
  C.A.L. Bailer-Jones , 2002, A&A 389, 963

• "Pondering the nature of an ultracool object in Orion",
  IAU Symposium 211 on Brown Dwarfs, (20 - 24 May 2002, Hawaii)

• "Brown dwarf spotted close to star", (22 May 2002, Gemini North Telescope)

• "A Methane Isolated Planetary Mass Object in Orion",
  Zapatero Osorio M.R., et al., 2002, ApJ, 578, 536

• "SSSPMJ0829-1309: A new nearby L dwarf detected in SuperCOSMOS Sky Surveys",
  Ralf-Dieter Scholz, Helmut Meusinger, 2002, MNRAS Letters, in press

• "Discovery of a very cool object with extraordinarily strong Hα emission",
  Barrado y Navascues D. et al., 2002, A&A Letters, in press

• "Probing Disk Accretion in Young Brown Dwarfs",
  Jayawardhana R., et al., 2002, ApJ 578, L141

• "A Flaring L5 Dwarf: The Nature of Hα Emission in Very Low Mass (Sub)Stellar Objects",
  Liebert et al., 2003, AJ, 125, 343

• "2MASS 1315-2649: A High Proper Motion L Dwarf with Strong Hα Emission",
  P.B. Hall, 2002, ApJL, in press

• "XMM-Newton observations of the nearby brown dwarf LP 944-20",
  Martin & Bouy, 2002, New Astronomy, in press

• The Spectra of T Dwarfs:
  • I. Near-Infrared Data and Spectral Classification,
    Burgasser, et al., 2002, ApJ,564, 421
  • II. Red Optical Data,
    Burgasser, et al., 2003, ApJ, 594, 510

• The 2MASS Wide-Field T Dwarf Search:
  • I. Discovery of a Bright T Dwarf Within 10 pc of the Sun,
    Burgasser, et al., 2003, AJ, 125, 850
  • II. Discovery of three T darfs in the southern hemisphere,
    Burgasser, et al., 2003, AJ, 126, 2487
  • III. Seven New T Dwarfs and Other Cool Dwarf Discoveries,
    Burgasser, et al., 2004, AJ, 127, 2856
  • IV. Unting out T dwarfs with Methane Imaging,
    Tinney, et al., 2005, AJ, 130, 2326
  • V. Discovery of a T Dwarf via Methane Imaging,
    Ellis, et al., 2005, AJ, 130, 2347

• "Binarity in Brown Dwarfs: T Dwarf Binaries Discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope WPFC2",
  Burgasser, et al., 2003, ApJ, 586, 512

• "On the evidence for brown-dwarf secondary stars in cataclysmic variables",
  S. P. Littlefair, V. S. Dhillon, E. L. Martin, 2003, MNRAS, in press

• "Time resolved spectroscopy of the variable brown dwarf Kelu-1",
  F.J. Clarke et al., 2003, MNRAS, 341, 239

• "LSR0602+3910 -- The Brightest Brown Dwarf in the Sky?",
  Salim s., et al., 2003, ApJL, in press

• "Epsilon Indi B: a new benchmark T dwarf",
  Scholz R.-D., et al., 2003, A&AL, in press
  "Discovery of Nearest Known Brown Dwarf" (ESO press-rel, 13 Enero 2003)

• "Calculations of the Far-Wing Line Profiles of Sodium and Potassium in the Atmospheres of Substellar-Mass Objects",
  Burrows & Volobuyev, 2003, ApJ, 583, 985

• "Companions of old brown dwarfs, and very low mass stars",
  E.W. Guenther, G. Wuchterl, 2003, A&A, 401, 677

• "Transition from L to T Dwarfs on the Color-Magnitude Diagram",
  Takashi Tsuji, Tadashi Nakajima, 2003, ApJ, 585, L151

• "Serendipitous discovery of seven new southern L-dwarfs",
  Kendall, et al., 2003, A&A, in press

• "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Binary Very-Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs",
  Gizis et al., 2003, AJ, 125, 3302

• "Evidence for a T Tauri Phase in Young Brown Dwarfs",
  R. Jayawardhana, S. Mohanty, G. Basri, 2003, AJ 592, 282

• "A Disk Census for Young Brown Dwarfs",
  R. Jayawardhana, et al., 2003, AJ 126, 1515

• "Brown dwarfs and low-mass stars in the Pleiades and Praesepe:- Membership and binarity",
  Pinfield et al., 2003, MNRAS, in press

• "Detection of Nine M8.0¿L0.5 Binaries: The Very Low Mass Binary Population and Its Implications for Brown Dwarf and Very Low Mass Star Formation",
  Close L.M., et al., 2003, ApJ, 587, 407

• "Beyond the T Dwarfs: Theoretical Spectra, Colors, and Detectability of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs",
  Burrows, A., et al., 2003, ApJ, in press

• "Coronal X-ray emission from an intermediate-age brown dwarf",
  Tsuboi, Y., et al., 2003, ApJ, in press

• "Gravity Indicators in the Near-Infrared Spectra of Brown Dwarfs",
  Gorlova, et al., 2003, ApJ, in press

• "An Optical and Near Infrared Search for Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster",
  Nagashima, 2003, ApJ, in press

• "Multiplicity of Nearby Free-floating Ultra-cool Dwarfs: a HST-WFPC2 search for companions",
  Bouy, et al., 2003, AJ, 126, 1526

• "The First Detailed Look at a Brown Dwarf Disk",
  Pascucci et al., 2003, ApJ, 590, L111

• "Observational Clues to Brown Dwarf Origins",
  Jayawardhana et al., 2003, "Open Issues in Local Star Formation and Early Stellar Evolution"

• "Photometric variability of a young, low-mass brown dwarf ",
  Zapatero Osorio, et al., 2003, A&A, 408, 663

• "2MASSJ0516288+260738: Discovery of the first eclipsing late K + Brown dwarf system?",
  Schuh, et al., 2003, A&A, 410, 649

• "Epsilon Indi Ba/Bb: the nearest binary brown dwarf",
  McCaughrean , et al., 2003, A&A, in press

• "J-Band Infrared Spectroscopy of a Sample of Brown Dwarfs Using Nirspec on Keck II", McLean, et al. 2000, ApJ 533, L45
• "The NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey".
  • I. Low-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectra (McLean, et al., 2003, ApJ 596, 561) -- BDSS Low Resolution Data Archive
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• "On the Formation of Brown Dwarfs",
  Ing-Guey Jiang, G. Laughlin, D.N.C. Lin, 2003, AJ, in press

• "First NACO observations of the Brown Dwarf LHS 2397aB",
  Masciadri, et al. 2003, A&A 411, 157

• "On the universal outcome of star formation: is there a link between stars and brown dwarfs?",
  Kroupa P., et al., 2003, MNRAS, 346, 354

• "On the origin of brown dwarfs and free-floating planetary-mass objects",
  Kroupa P., Bouvier J. , 2003, MNRAS, 346, 369

• "JHK Magnitudes for L and T Dwarfs and Infrared Photometric Systems",
  D. C. Stephens and S. K. Leggett, 2004, PASP, 116, 9

• "Unraveling Brown Dwarf Origins", (A failed star is born)
  Ray Jayawardhana, 2004, Science, 303, 322

• "Spectroscopy of Ultra-Cool Dwarfs",
  Luhman, K.L. 2004, Reports on Astronomy, Vol. XXVA, Triennial Report (2000-2002) of IAU Commission 45

• "Preliminary Parallaxes of 40 L and T Dwarfs from the U.S. Naval Observatory Infrared Astrometry Program",
  Vrba, et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 2948

• "Near-Infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy of L and T Dwarfs: the Effects of Temperature, Clouds, and Gravity",
  Knapp, et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 3553

• "The brown dwarf population in the Chamaeleon I cloud",
  López Martí, et al. 2004, A&A, 416, 555

• "Discovery of Very Nearby Ultracool Dwarfs from DENIS",
  Kendall, et al. 2004, A&A, 416, L17

• "Spectral Classification and Effective Temperatures of L and T Dwarfs Based on Near-Infrared Spectra",
  Nakajima, et al. 2004, ApJ, in press

• "L' and M' Photometry of Ultracool Dwarfs",
  Golimowski, et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 3516

• "Infrared spectroscopy of a brown dwarf companion candidate near the young star GSC 08047-00232 in Horologium",
  Neuhaeuser R., & Guenther E. 2004, A&A, in press

• "The Substellar Population of the Young Cluster lambda Orionis ",
  Barrado y Navascues D., et al., 2004,ApJ, 610, 1064

• "High resolution spectroscopy of Brown Dwarfs in Taurus: Detection of accretion in KPNO Tau 3",
  Barrado y Navascues D., 2004, A&A, 422, 631

• "X-ray Detections of Two Young Bona-Fide Brown Dwarfs",
  H. Bouy 2004, A&A, in press

• "First determination of the dynamical mass of a binary L dwarf",
  H. Bouy et al. 2004, A&A, 423, 341 -- Weighing Ultra-Cool Stars (ESO Press Release, 15 June 2004)

• "Spectral Properties of Brown Dwarfs and Hot Jupiters",
  Homeier D., et al., in "High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy in Astronomy" 2004, in press

• "Infrared spectroscopy of a brown dwarf companion candidate near the young star GSC 08047-00232 in Horologium ",
  R. Neuhäuser, E. W. Guenther 2004, A&A 420, 647

• "Accretion in Brown Dwarfs: an Infrared View",
  Natta, et al. 2004, A&A, in press

• "A low-mass stellar companion of the planet host star HD75289",
  Mugrauer, et al. 2004, A&A, in press

• "X-ray emission from a brown dwarf in the Pleiades",
  Briggs & Pye, 2004, MNRAS, in press

• "Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Observations of M, L, and T Dwarfs",
  Roellig, et al., 2004, ApJS, in press

• "Photometric variability of young brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis open cluster",
  Caballero, et al., 2004, A&A, 424, 857

• "The First Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf",
  Luhman, 2004, ApJ, 614, 398

• "Low-mass substellar candidates in NGC 2264",
  Kendall, 2004, in "Young Local Universe",

• "A young binary brown dwarf in the R-CrA star formation region",
  Bouy, et al., 2004, A&A, 424, 213",

• "A young binary brown dwarf in the R-CrA star formation region",
  Bouy, et al., 2004, A&A, 424, 213",

• "Spectral Classification Beyond M",
  Leggett, et al., 2004, 13th Cool Stars Workshop, ESA Special Publications Series,

• "Near-Infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy of L and T Dwarfs: the Effects of Clouds, Gravity, and Effective Temperature",
  Golimowski, et al., 2004, 13th Cool Stars Workshop, ESA Special Publications Series,

• "Quiescent X-ray emission from an evolved brown dwarf ?",
  B. Stelzer, 2004, ApJ, 615, L153

• "Membership, binarity and accretion among very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs of the Sigma Orionis cluster",
  M.J. Kenyon, R.D. Jeffries, Tim Naylor, J.M. Oliveira, P.F.L. Maxted, 2005, MNRAS, 356, 89

• "S Ori 70: still a strong cluster planet candidate",
  E. Martín, 2004, Moriond_YLU 2004, edited by A. Chalabaev, Y. Fukui and T. Montmerle

• "A Young Brown Dwarf Companion to DH Tauri",
  Itoh Y., et al. 2004, ApJ, in press

• "A New Classical T Tauri Object at the Substellar Boundary in Chamaeleon II",
  D. Barrado y Navascués & R. Jayawardhana 2004, ApJ 615, 850

• "Looking for Outflows from Brown Dwarfs",
  E. Masciadri and A. C. Raga 2004, ApJ 615, 840

• "Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Least Massive Known Brown Dwarf in Chamaeleon",
  K. L. Luhman, et al. 2004, ApJ 617, 565

• "New Brown Dwarfs and an Updated Initial Mass Function in Taurus",
  K. L. Luhman, 2004, ApJ 617, 1216

• "FLAMINGOS Spectroscopy of New Low-Mass Members of the Young Cluster IC 348",
  K. L. Luhman, et al. 2005, ApJ 618, 810

• "Optical Linear Polarization of Late M- and L-Type Dwarfs",
  M. R. Zapatero Osorio, et al. 2005, ApJ, 621, 445
• "Polarization of L Dwarfs by Dust Scattering",
  S. Sengupta and S. Kwok 2005, ApJ, 625, 996

• "Low-Mass Companions to Solar-Type Stars",
  S. Metchev, L. Hillenbrand, 2004, Mem. S.A.It. Vol. 73, 23

• "The prospects for finding brown dwarfs in eclipsing binary systems and measuring brown dwarf properties",
  D. J. Pinfield, H. R. A. Jones, I. A. Steele 2004, PASP, in press

• "Discovery of Two Very Low-Mass Binaries: Final Results of an Adaptive Optics Survey of Nearby M6.0-M7.5 Stars",
  Siegler, et al., 2004, ApJ, in press

• "An Infrared Spectroscopic Sequence of M, L and T Dwarfs",
  Cushing, Rayner, & Vacca, 2005, ApJ, 623, 1115
• "A Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Spectral Sequence of M, L, and T Dwarfs",
  Cushing, et al., 2006, ApJ, in press

• "The "Mysterious" Origin of Brown Dwarfs",
  P. Padoan and Å. Nordlund 2004, ApJ, 617, 559

• "Astrometric Discovery of GJ 164B",
  Pravdo et al. 2004, ApJ, 617, 1323

• "Initial Results from the Palomar Adaptive Optics Survey of Young Solar-Type Stars: A Brown Dwarf and Three Stellar Companions",
  Metchev, S. A. & Hillenbrand, L. A., 2004, ApJ, 617, 1330
• "Search for radio emission from the nearby binary brown dwarf system e Indi Bab",
  D. L. Blank, 2004, MNRAS, 354, 913
• Low-mass Brown Dwarfs with Circumstellar Disk
  • Beginnings of 'mini' solar system discovered (JPL, February 8, 2005)
    "Spitzer Identification of the Least Massive Known Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk",
    Luhman, et al., 2005, ApJ, 620, L51
  • Scientists Find Possible Birth of Tiniest Known Solar System (29 Nov 2005)
    Planet-sized Brown Dwarf May Yield Smallest Known Solar System (29 Nov 2005)
    "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk",
    Luhman, K.L., et al., 2005, ApJ, 635, L93
  • Do 'Planemos' Have Progeny?, Planetary-Mass Objects Found to be Surrounded by Discs (6 June 2006)
  • "New Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Disks in Lupus ",
    Allen,, P.R., et al., 2007, ApJ, 655, 1095

• "Spitzer IRS Spectra of Young Stars Near the Hydrogen-burning Mass Limit",
  Furlan, et al., 2005, ApJ, 621, L129
• "A Hubble Space Telescope Search for Substellar Companions in the Young Cluster IC 348",
  Luhman et al., 2005, ApJ, 623, 1141
• "Measuring Accretion in Young Substellar Objects: Approaching the Planetary Mass Regime",
  Muzerolle, et al., 2005, ApJ, in press
• "The T Tauri Phase Down to Nearly Planetary Masses: Echelle Spectra of 82 Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs",
  S. Mohanty, R. Jayawardhana, G. Basri, 2005, ApJ, in press
• "The cool atmospheres of the binary brown dwarf eps Indi B",
  M.F. Sterzik, et al. 2005, A&A L, in press
• "A deep survey of brown dwarfs in Orion with Gemini",
  P.W. Lucas, P.F. Roche, M.Tamura 2005, MNRAS, in press
• "A substellar companion around the intermediate-mass giant star HD 11977",
  Setiawan et al. 2005, A&A L, in press
• "Discovery of Radio Emission from the Brown Dwarf LP944-20",
  Berger et al., 2001, Nature, 410, 338
• "Flaring Up All Over -- Magnetic Activity in Rapidly-Rotating Late-Type M and L Dwarfs",
  E. Berger, 2002, ApJ, 572, 503
• "The Magnetic Properties of an L Dwarf Derived from Simultaneous Radio, X-Ray, and Ha Observations",
  E. Berger et al. 2005, ApJ, 627, 960
• "Radio Observations of a Large Sample of Late-M, L, and T Dwarfs: The Distribution of Magentic Field Strengths",
  E. Berger et al., 2006, ApJ, 648, 629
• "Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Observations of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs",
  - I Berger, et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 1080
  - II Berger, et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 1307

• "Whims of an Accreting Young Brown Dwarf: Exploring Emission Line Variability of 2MASSW J1207334-393254",
  Scholz, et al. 2005, ApJ, 629, L41
• "Discovery of a widely separated binary system of very low mass stars",
  Phan-Bao, et al. 2005, A&A, L (in press)
• "The first wide ultracool binary dwarf in the field: DENIS-J055146.0-443412.2 (M8.5 + L0)",
  Billeres, et al. 2005, A&A, L (in press)
• "Kelu-1 is a Binary L Dwarf: First Brown Dwarf Science from Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics",
  Liu & Leggett, 2005, ApJ, 634, 616
• "Evidence of Orbital Motion in the Binary Brown Dwarf Kelu-1AB",
  Gelino, Kulkarni, & Stephens 2006, PASP, 118, 611
• "First Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Brown Dwarf: Evidence for H2 Fluorescence and Accretion",
  Gizis, et al. 2005, ApJ, 630, L89
• "17 new very low-mass members in Taurus. The brown dwarf deficit revisited",
  Guieu, et al. 2005, A&A in press
• "Spectroscopic distances of nearby ultracool dwarfs",
  N. Phan-Bao, M. Bessell 2005, A&A in press
• "The Disk Fractions of Brown Dwarfs in IC 348 and Chamaeleon I",
  Luhman et al. 2005, ApJ, 631, L69
• "Photometric accretion signatures near the substellar boundary",
  McGehee et al. 2005, AJ, 130, 1752
• "Constraining the Distribution of L and T Dwarfs in the Galaxy",
  Ryan, et al. 2005, AJ, 631, L159
• "A Hubble Space Telescope ACS Search for Brown Dwarf Binaries in the Pleiades Open Cluster",
  Bouy, et al. 2005, AJ, in press
• "Large-scale α2-dynamo in low-mass stars and brown dwarfs",
  Chabrier & Kueker, 2005, A&A, in press
• "Calibrating models of ultralow-mass stars",
  Reiners 2005, AN, "Ultra low mass star formation and evolution"
• Resolved spectroscopy of M dwarf/L dwarf binaries
  • I. DENIS J220002.05-303832.9AB,
    Burgasser & McElwain 2006, AJ, 131, 1007
  • II. 2MASS J17072343-0558249AB
    McElwain & Burgasser 2006, AJ, 132, 2074

• "Close binary systems among very low mass stars and brown dwarfs",
  R.D. Jeffries, P.F.L. Maxted, 2005, Ultra-Low Mass Star Formation, eds. E. Martin, A. Magazzu. To appear in Astron. Nachr
• "Variable accretion and outflow in young brown dwarfs",
  A. Scholz, R. Jayawardhana, 2006, ApJ, 638, 1056
• "Discovery of a Wide Low-mass Binary System in Upper Scorpius",
  K. L. Luhman , 2005, ApJ, 633, L41
• "A Unified Near-Infrared Spectral Classification Scheme for T Dwarfs",
  Burgasser, Adam J.; Geballe, T. R.; Leggett, S. K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Golimowski, David A., 2006, ApJ, 637, 1067
• "A Method for Determining the Physical Properties of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarfs",
  A.J. Burgasser, A. Burrows, J.D. Kirkpatrick, 2006, ApJ, 639, 1095
• "A deep infrared photometric survey for very low mass brown dwarfs in the Pleiades",
  M.J. Schwartz, E.E. Becklin, 2005, AJ, 130, 2352
• "IRadial velocity survey for planets and brown dwarf companions to very young brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in ChaI with UVES at the VLT",
  Joergens V., 2006, A&A, 446, 1165
• "Improved kinematics for brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in ChaI and a discussion of brown dwarf formation",
  Joergens V., 2006, A&A, 448, 655
• "Atmospheric Chemistry in Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Low-Mass Dwarf Stars II. Sulfur and Phosphorus",
  C. Visscher, B. Fegley Jr, 2005, ApJ, in press
• "Ultra low-mass star and substellar formation in sigma Orionis",
  J. A. Caballero, 2005, Astron. Nachr, in press IAC-TNG Workshop on Ultra low-mass star formation and evolution
• "X-ray emission of brown dwarfs: Towards constraining the dependence on age, luminosity, and temperature",
  Stelzer B., et al., 2005, A&A, in press
• "Multiplicity of very low-mass objects in the Upper Scorpius OB association: a possible wide binary population",
  Bouy, et al., 2005, A&A, in press
• "Spectroscopic companions of very young brown dwarfs",
  Viki J., 2005, ESO workshop 'Multiple Stars across the HRD'
• "S Ori J053825.4-024241: a classical T Tauri-like object at the substellar boundary",
  Caballero J.A., et al., 2006, A&A 445, 143
• "Discovery of Five Very Low Mass Close Binaries, Resolved in the Visible with Lucky Imaging",
  Law, et al., 2006, MNRAS, in press
• "Discovery of the Closest Brown Dwarf to the Sun? A Methane Rich Brown Dwarf around the Nearby M8.5 Star SCR 1845-6357",
  Biller, et al., 2006, ApJ, in press
  The Sun's New Exotic Neighbour (ESO, 22 March 2006)
• "Spectroscopic rotational velocities of brown dwarfs",
  Zapatero Osorio, et al., 2006, ApJ, 647, 1405
• "Radio Constraints on Activity in Young Brown Dwarfs",
  R. A. Osten R. Jayawardhana, 2006, ApJ, 644, L67
• "Observations of Ultracool dwarfs with ULTRACAM on the VLT: a search for weather",
  Littlefair, et al., 2006, MNRAS, in press
• "A multiwavelength radial velocity search for planets around the brown dwarf LP 944-20",
  Martín, et al., 2006, ApJ, 644, L75
• "The first brown dwarf with a disk in Chamaeleon II",
  Alcalá, et al., 2006, A&A, in press
• "A Search for Optical Outflows from Brown Dwarfs in the Chamaeleon I Molecular Cloud",
  Wang & Henning, 2006, ApJ, 643, 985
• "24 um Detections of Circum(sub)stellar Disks in IC 348: Grain Growth and Inner Holes?",
  Muzerolle, 2006, ApJ, 643, 1003
• "Spitzer/IRAC Photometry of M, L, and T Dwarfs",
  Patten, et al. 2006, ApJ, in press
• "Spectroscopy of Young Planetary Mass Candidates with Disks",
  Ray Jayawardhana, Valentin D. Ivanov, 2006, ApJL, in press
• "A Sensitive Search for Variability in Late L Dwarfs: The Quest for Weather",
  Morales-Calderon, et al. 2006, ApJ, in press
• "A search for binary systems among the nearest L dwarfs",
  Reid, et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 891
• "A survey for spectroscopic binaries among very low mass stars",
  Basri, & Reiners, 2006, AJ, 132, 663
• "Discovery of the brightest T dwarf in the northern hemisphere",
  Artigau, et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, L57
• Characterizing Young Brown Dwarfs using Low Resolution Near-IR Spectra,
  Allers, et al. 2007, ApJ, 657, 511
• Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope, HN Peg & HD 3651
  Luhman, et al., 2007, ApJ, 654, 570

• New nearby, bright southern ultracool dwarfs,
  Kendall, et al., 2007, MNRAS, 374, 445

• Physical Parameters of Two Very Cool T Dwarfs,
  Saumon, et al., 2007, ApJ, 656, 1136

• Brown Dwarfs: A New Class of Stellar Lighthouse
• Periodic Bursts of Coherent Radio Emission from an Ultracool Dwarf,
  Hallinan, et al., 2007, ApJ, L, in press

• Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs, including an amazing flare observation,
  Schmidt, et al., 2007, AJ, 133, 2258

• X-ray detection of the substellar twin 2MASS J11011926-7732383 AB,
  Stelzer & Micela, 2007, A&A, 474, 129

• The spatial distribution of substellar objects in IC348 and the Orion Trapezium Cluster,
  Kumar & Schmeja. 2007, A&A, 471, L33

• Evolution of low-mass star and brown dwarf eclipsing binaries,
  G. Chabrier, J. Gallardo, and I. Baraffe, 2007, A&A 472, L17

• Clouds, Gravity and Metallicity in Blue L dwarfs: The Case of 2MASS J11263991-5003550,
  Burgasser, et al., 2007, ApJ, in press

• Spatial distribution of stars and brown dwarfs in sigma Orionis,
  Caballero, 2007, MNRAS, 383, 375

• New constraints on the membership of the T dwarf S Ori 70 in the sigma Orionis cluster,
  Zapatero Osorio, et al., 2007, A&A, 477, 895

• Correlated spectral variability in brown dwarfs ,
  Bailer-Jones, 2007, MNRAS, in press

• CLOUDS search for variability in brown dwarf atmospheres,
  Goldman et al., 2008, A&A, in press

T-Y Brown Dwarf transition - Y dwarfs?

• Eight new T4.5–T7.5 dwarfs discovered in the UKIDSS Large Area Survey Data Release,
  Lodieu, et al. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 1423
• Physical and Spectral Characteristics of the T8 and Later Type Dwarfs,
  Leggett, et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 537
• Four faint T dwarfs from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Southern Stripe,
  Kuenley, et al. 2008, MNRAS, 358, L53
• The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs,
  Leggett, et al. 2009, ApJ, 695, 1517
• 2MASS J0415-09 (T8) - 750K
  • "The Spectra of T Dwarfs"
    Burgasser, et al., 2002, ApJ,564, 421 - 2003, ApJ, 594, 510
• ULAS J0034-00 (Y0?) - 675 K
  • "A very cool brown dwarf in UKIDSS DR1",
    Warren, et al., 2007, MNRAS, 381, 1400
  • "The distance to the cool T9 brown dwarf ULAS J003402.77-005206.7",
    Smart, et al., 2010, A&A, 511, A30
• CFBDS J0059 (Y0?) - 625 K
  • "CFBDS J005910.90-011401.3: reaching the T-Y Brown Dwarf transition?",
    Delorme, et al., 2008, A&A 482, 961
  • "Finding ultracool brown dwarfs with MegaCam on CFHT: method and first results",
    Delorme, et al., 2008, A&A 484, 469
• ULAS 1017, ULAS 1228 and ULAS 1335 (T8p, T8.5, and T9) - 550 K
  • "Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K",
    Burningham, et al., 2008, MNRAS, 391, 320
• ULAS 2146 (Wolf 940B) (M4+T8.5) - 570 K
  • "The discovery of an M4+T8.5 binary system",
    Burningham, et al., 2009, MNRAS, 395, 1237
• ULAS J130041+122114 (Ross 458C) (T8-9)
  • "A new benchmark T8-9 brown dwarf and a couple of new mid-T dwarfs from the UKIDSS DR5+ LAS",
    Goldman, et al., 2010, MNRAS, 405, 1140
• UGPS J0722-05 (T10 - Y0) - 400-500 K
  • "The discovery of a very cool, very nearby brown dwarf in the Galactic plane",
    Lucas, et al., 2010, MNRAS, 408, L56
• SDWFS J143524.44+335334.6 and SDWFS J143222.82+323746.5 (T8 -Y)
  • Ultracool Field Brown Dwarf Candidates Selected at 4.5 microns,
    Eisenhardt, et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2455
• CFBDSIR1458+1013 (T8 -Y) - 550-600K
  • Extending the Canada-France brown Dwarfs Survey to the near-infrared: first ultracool brown dwarfs from CFBDSIR,
    Delorme, et al. 2010, A&A, 518, A39
  • CFBDSIR J1458+1013B: A Very Cold (>T10) Brown Dwarf in a Binary System,
    Liu, et al. 2011, ApJ, in press
  • A WISE Observation of a coolest brown dwarf, CFBDSIR 1458+1013,
    Wright, et al. 2011,in press
• WISEPC J0458+64 (T9) - 600K
  • The First Ultra-cool Brown Dwarf Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,
    Mainzer, et al. 2011, ApJ, 726, 30
• WD 0806-661 B (Y?) - 300K
  • Discovery of a Candidate for the Coolest Known Brown Dwarf,
    Luhman, et al. 2011, ApJ, 730, L9
  • The Ultra Cool Brown Dwarf WD 0806-661B: Age, Mass, and Formation Mechanism,
    Rodriguez, et al. 2011, ApJ Letters, in press
• WISEPC J1812+2721 (T8.5) - 600K
  • FIRE Spectroscopy of Five Late-type T Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,
    Burgasser, et al. 2011, ApJ, in press

BD/VLMS kinematics and members of moving groups and young associations

• "New Neighbors from 2MASS: Activity and Kinematics at the Bottom of the Main Sequence",
  Gizis et al., 2000, AJ 120, 1085
• "A Survey for Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the η Cha and ε Cha Young Associations",
  Luhman, 2004, ApJ 616, 1033
• A deep photometric survey of the η Chamaeleontis cluster down to the brown dwarf - planet boundary
  Lyo, et al., 2006, MNRAS, 368, 1451
• "Discovery of a Very Young Field L Dwarf, 2MASS J01415823-4633574",
  Kirkpatrick, et al., 2006, ApJ, 639, 1120
• A New Population of Young Brown Dwarfs,
  Cruz, et al., 2007, 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun,
• Space Velocities of L- and T-Type Dwarfs,
  Zapatero Osorio, et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 1205
• Discovery of an M9.5 Candidate Brown Dwarf in the TW Hydrae Association: DENIS J124514.1-442907,
  Looper, et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, L97
• Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs, including an amazing flare observation,
  Schmidt, et al., 2007, AJ, 133, 2258
• L and T dwarfs in the Hyades and Ursa Major moving groups,
  Bannister and Jameson, 2007, MNRAS, 378, L24
• Proper motions of field L and T dwarfs,
  Jameson, et al., 2008, MNRAS, 384, 1399
• Proper motions of field L and T dwarfs -II,
  Casewell, Jameson, Burleigh, 2008, MNRAS, 390, 1517
• The ages of L dwarfs,
  Jameson, et al., 2008, MNRAS, 385, 1771
• A Sample of Very Young Field L Dwarfs and Implications for the Brown Dwarf "Lithium Test" at Early Ages,
  Kirkpatrick, et al., 2008, ApJ, 689, 1295
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP) I. Proper Motions and Tangential Velocities for a Large Sample of Late-type M, L and T Dwarfs,
  Faherty, et al., 2009, AJ, 137, 1
• Brown Dwarfs as Galactic Chronometers,
  Burgasser, et al., 2009, IAU Syp. 258, 317
• Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5,
  Cruz, et al., 2009, AJ, 137, 3345
• A Volume-limited Sample of 63 M7--M9.5 Dwarfs I. Space Motion, Kinematic Age, and Lithium,
  Reiners, & Basri, 2009, ApJ, 705, 1416
• A search for southern ultracool dwarfs and wide binary systems in young moving groups,
  Clarke, et al., 2010, MNRAS, 402, 575
• On the kinematic age of brown dwarfs: Radial velocities and space motions of 43 nearby L dwarfs,
  Seifahrt, et al., 2010, A&A, 512, A37
• Colors and Kinematics of L Dwarfs From the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,
  Schmidt, et al., 2010, AJ, 139, 1808
• Spectroscopy and kinematics of low-mass members of young moving groups,
  Gálvez-Ortiz M.C., et al., 2010, MNRAS, 409, 552
• Juvenile Ultracool Dwarfs,
  Rice E.L., Faherty J.K., Cruz K., et al., 2011, Cool Stars 16 conference
• Kinematics of ultracool dwarfs: Membership in moving groups and associations,
  D. Montes, J.A. Caballero, 2011, Cool Stars 16 conference

Wide BD/VLMS binaries

• Not Alone: Tracing the Origins of Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs Through Multiplicity Studies,
  Burgasser, et al., 2006, chapter in Protostars and Planets V
• The widest ultracool binary,
  Caballero, 2007, A&A, 462, L61
• Discovery of the Widest Very Low Mass Binary,
  Artigau, et al., 2007, ApJ, 659, L49
• On the Age of the Widest Very Low Mass Binary,
  Artigau, et al., 2009, ApJ, 692, 149
• The Wide Brown Dwarf Binary Oph 1622-2405 and Discovery of a Wide, Low-Mass Binary in Ophiuchus (Oph 1623-2402): A New Class of Young Evaporating Wide Binaries?, Close, et al., 2007, ApJ, 660, 1492
• The young, wide and very low mass visual binary Lambda Orionis 167,
  Barrado y Navascués, et al., 2007, A&A, 468, L5
• USco J1606-1935: An Unusually Wide Low-Mass Triple System?,
  Kraus & Hillenbrand, 2007, ApJ 664, 1167
• Southern Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Wide Binary and Multiple Systems,
  Caballero, 2007, ApJ, 667, 520
• Discovery of a wide companion near the deuterium burning mass limit in the Upper Scorpius association,
  Bejar, et al., 2008, ApJ, 673, L185 -- Una extraña pareja en la constelación del Escorpión. Nota de prensa IAC 30/01/2008
• Discovery of the Widest Very Low Mass Field Binary,
  Radigan, Lafrenière, Jayawardhana, Doyon, 2009, ApJ, 698, 405

Spectroscopic BD/VLMS binaries (spectroscopic orbital solution derived)

• PPl 15 (SB2)
  • "PPl 15: The First Double Brown Dwarf"
    G. Basri, E.L. Martín, 1998, in: Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Stellar Clusters and Associations
  • "PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary",
    G. Basri, E.L. Martín, 1999, AJ, 118, 2460

• GJ 569Bab (SB2)
  • "A possible brown dwarf companion to Gliese 569",
    Forrest, Skrutskie & Shure, 1988, ApJ, 330, L119
  • "The companion to Gliese 569",
    Henry & Kirkpatrick, 1990, ApJ, 354, L29
  • "The Discovery of a Companion to the Very Cool Dwarf Gliese 569B with the Keck Adaptive Optics Facility",
    Martín E.L., et al., 2000, ApJ, 529, L37
  • "Gliese 569B: A young multiple brown dwarf system?",
    Kenworthy et al., 2001, ApJ, 554, L67
  • "The orbit of the brown dwarf binary Gl 569B",
    B.F. Lane, M.R. Zapatero Osorio, M.C. Britton, E.L. Martín, S.R. Kulkarni, 2001, ApJ, 560, 390
  • "Dynamical Masses of the Binary Brown Dwarf GJ 569Bab",
    M.R. Zapatero Osorio, B.F. Lane, Ya. Pavlenko, E.L. Martín, M.C. Britton, S.R. Kulkarni, 2004, ApJ, 615, 958
  • "Lithium depletion in the brown dwarf binary GJ 569Bab",
    M.R. Zapatero Osorio, E.L. Martín, et al. 2005, AN, 326, 948
  • "The GL 569 Multiple System",
    M. Simon, C. Bender, L. Prato, 2006, ApJ, 644, 1183
  • "GL 569 B: A Brown Dwarf Triple?",
    M. Simon, C. Bender, L. Prato, 2006IAUS..240E.506S

• 2MASS J05352184-0546085 (M6.5) - (SB2, EB)
  • Brown-Dwarf Binary May Challenge Theories - first known eclipsing binary system containing two brown dwarfs - (3 June 2005)
  • "Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system",
    Stassun, K.G., Mathieu, R.D., & Valenti, J.A, 2006, Nature 440, 311-314 (16 March 2006)
  • "A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085",
    Stassun, K.G., Mathieu, R.D., & Valenti, J.A, 2007, ApJ, 664, 1154
  • "Detection of strong activity in the eclipsing binary brown dwarf 2MASSJ05352184-0546085 - A possible explanation for the temperature reversal",
    Reiners, et al., 2007, ApJ, 671, L149
  • "Circumstellar Environment and Effective Temperature of the Young Substellar Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085",
    Mohanty, Stassun and Mathieu, 2009, ApJ, 697, 713
  • "Tidal effects on brown dwarfs: Application to the eclipsing binary 2MASSJ05352184-0546085 - The anomalous temperature reversal in the context of tidal heating",
    Heller, et al., 2010, A&A, 514, A22

• Cha Hα 8 (M5.75–M6.5) - (SB2)
  • "16-20 Jupiter mass RV companion orbiting the brown dwarf candidate ChaHa8",
    Joergens & Mueller, 2007, ApJ, 666, L113
  • "Improved radial velocity orbit of the young binary brown dwarf candidate ChaHa8",
    Joergens, Mueller, & Reffert, 2010, A&A, 521, A24

• 2M0320-04 (M8-L0.5) - (SB1)
  • "A Spectroscopic Binary at the M/L Transition",
    Blake, 2008, ApJ, 678, L125
  • "An Age Constraint for the Very Low-Mass Stellar/Brown Dwarf Binary 2MASS J03202839-0446358AB",
    Burgasser & Blake, 2009, AJ, 137, 4621

• LHS 1070 (M5.5-M8.5-M9) - (Multiple)
  • "Dynamical mass determination for the very low mass stars LHS 1070 B and C",
    Leinert, et al., 2001, A&A, 367, 183
  • "Improved orbital solution and masses for the very low-mass multiple system LHS 1070",
    Seifahrt, et al., 2008, A&A, 484, 429

Binaries composed of L and T dwarf components - Binarity in the L/T Transition

• 2MASS J05185995 -2828372
  • "2MASS J05185995 -2828372: Discovery of an Unresolved L/T Binary",
    Cruz, et al. 2004, ApJ, 604, L61
• SDSS J042348.57-041403.5 AB
  • "SDSS J042348.57-041403.5AB: A Brown Dwarf Binary Straddling the L/T Transition",
    Burgasser et al., 2005, ApJ, 634, L177
• SDSS J1534+1615AB
  • "SDSS J1534+1615AB: A Novel T Dwarf Binary Found with Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics and the Potential Role of Binarity in the L/T Transition",
    Liu, et al., 2006, ApJ, 647, 1393
• HD 203030 B
  • "HD 203030 B: an Unusually Cool Young Sub-Stellar Companion near the L/T Transition",
    Metchev, S. A. & Hillenbrand, L. A., 2006, ApJ, 651, 1166
• Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Observations of T Dwarfs: Brown Dwarf Multiplicity and New Probes of the L/T Transition,
  Burgasser, et al. 2006, ApJSS, 166, 585
• Discovery of 11 new T dwarfs in the two micron all sky survey, including a possible L/T transition binary,
  Looper, et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 1162
• SDSS J080531.84+481233.0
  • "SDSS J080531.84+481233.0: An unresolved L dwarf/T dwarf binary",
    Burgasser, 2007, ApJ, 134, 1330
• 2MASS J14044941
  • "Discovery of a T Dwarf Binary with the Largest Known J-Band Flux Reversal",
    Looper, et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 1183

Brown Dwarf Companions to White Dwarfs

• GD 165 (L4)
  • "A low-temperature companion to a white dwarf star",
    Becklin E.E., Zuckerman B. 1988, Natur., 336, 656
• "Low-Luminosity Companions to White Dwarfs",
  Farihi J., Becklin E.E., Zuckerman B., 2005, ApJS, 161, 394
• "A near-infrared spectroscopic search for very-low-mass cool companions to notable DA white dwarfs",
  Dobbie P. D., Burleigh M.R., Levan A.J., et al., 2005, MNRAS, 357, 1049
• Discovery of the first very wide WD-LD binary system?,
  Day-Jones, et al. 2006, 15th European White Dwarf Workshop, in press
• GD1400 (L6-7)
  • "A Possible Brown Dwarf Companion to the White Dwarf GD1400",
    Farihi J., Christopher M., 2004, AJ, 128, 1868
  • "Mid-Infrared Observations of the White Dwarf-Brown Dwarf Binary GD 1400",
    Farihi J., Zuckerman B., Becklin E.E. 2005, AJ, 130, 2237
• WD0137-349 (L8)
  • "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star",
    Maxted, et al., 2006, Natur., 442, 543
  • "A near-infrared spectroscopic detection of the brown dwarf in the post common envelope binary WD 0137-349",
    Burleigh, et al., 2006, MNRAS, 373, L55
• van Maanen 2 (vMa 2)
  • "Mid-Infrared Observations of van Maanen 2: No Substellar Companion",
    Farihi J., Becklin E.E., Macintosh B.A. 2004, ApJ, 608L, 109
  • "The `DODO' survey - I. Limits on ultra-cool substellar and planetary-mass companions to van Maanen's star (vMa2)",
    Burleigh, et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, L5
• "The DODO Survey II: A Gemini Direct Imaging Search for Substellar and Planetary Mass Companions around Nearby Equatorial and Northern Hemisphere White Dwarfs",
  Hogan, et al. 2009, MNRAS, in press

Brown Dwarf Desert - Brown Dwarf Oasis?

• "Substellar Companions to Main Sequence Stars: No Brown Dwarf Desert at Wide Separations",
  Gizis et al., 2001, ApJL, 551, L163
• "Crossing the Brown Dwarf Desert Using Adaptive Optics: A Very Close L-Dwarf Companion to the Nearby Solar Analog HR 7672",
  Liu et al., 2001, ApJ, 571, 519 -- Directly observed a brown dwarf orbiting a G-type star (January 8, 2002)
• "The Brown Dwarf Desert at 75 - 1200 AU",
  C. McCarthy and B. Zuckerman 2004, AJ, 127, 2871
• "HD 137510: An Oasis in the Brown Dwarf Desert", Endl, et al., 2004, ApJ, 611, 1121
• "An L0 dwarf companion in the brown dwarf desert, at 30 AU",
  Forveille, et al., 2004, A&A, 427, L1,
• "Astrometric Discovery of GJ 802b: In the Brown Dwarf Oasis?",
  Pravdo, et al. 2005, ApJ, 630, 528
• "Protostellar Disks: Formation, Fragmentation, and the Brown Dwarf Desert", Matzner & Levin 2005, ApJ, 628, 817
• "Direct Detection of the Brown Dwarf GJ 802B with Adaptive Optics Masking Interferometry",
  Lloyd, et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, L131
• "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert?: Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars",
  Grether , & Lineweaver, 2006, ApJ, 640, 1051
• "A new brown dwarf desert? A scarcity of wide ultracool binaries",
  Allen et al., 2007, AJ, 133, 971
• "A brown dwarf desert for intermediate mass stars in Scorpius OB2?",
  Kouwenhoven et al., 2007, A&A, 464, 581
• "Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert. I. Upper Scorpius",
  Kraus et al., 2008, A&A, 679, 762
• "Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission . VI. CoRoT-Exo-3b: the first secure inhabitant of the brown-dwarf desert", Deleuil, et al., 2008, A&A, 491, 889
• "First results from the Calan-Hertfordshire Extrasolar Planet Search: exoplanets and the discovery of an eccentric brown dwarf in the desert", Jenkins, et al., 2009, MNRAS, 398, 911

Ultracool subdwarfs

• "Discovery of an Ultracool Subdwarf: LSR 1425+7102, the First Star with Spectral Type sdM8.0",
  Lépine S., et al., 2003, ApJ 585, L69
• "LSR 1610-0040: The First Early-Type L Subdwarf",
  Lépine S., et al., 2003, ApJ 591, L49
• "Ultracool Subdwarfs: Metal-poor Stars and Brown Dwarfs Extending into the Late-type M, L and T Dwarf Regimes",
  Burgasser, et al., 2004, 13th Cambridge Workshop on cool stars, stellar systems, and the Sun, in press",
• "The First Substellar Subdwarf? Discovery of a Metal-poor L Dwarf with Halo Kinematics",
  Burgasser, et al., 2004, ApJ, 592, 1186
• "Discovery of a Second L Subdwarf in the Two Micron All Sky Survey",
  Burgasser, et al., 2004, ApJ, 614, L73
• "The nearest cool white dwarf (d ~4 pc), the coolest M-type subdwarf (sdM9.5), and other high proper motion discoveries",
  Scholz, et al. 2004, A&A, 425, 519
• "SSSPM J1444-2019: an extremely high proper motion, ultracool subdwarf",
  Scholz, et al. 2004, A&A, 428, L25
• "The Schizophrenic Spectrum of LSR 1610-0040: a Peculiar M Dwarf/Subdwarf",
  Cushing & Vacca, 2005, AJ, 131, 1797
• "The First High-Resolution Spectra of 1.3 L Subdwarfs",
  Reiners & Basri, 2006, AJ, 131, 1806
• "Parallax and Luminosity Measurements of an L Subdwarf",
  Burgasser, et al., 2008, ApJ, 672, 1159
• "The Benchmark Ultracool Subdwarf HD 114762B: A Test of Low-Metallicity Atmospheric and Evolutionary Models",
  Bowler, et al., 2009, ApJ, 706, 1114

Flares on Ultracool Dwarfs

• VB 8 (M7 V)
  - "Utrecht Echelle spectroscopy of a flare in VB 8", Martín, 1999, MNRAS, 302, 59
• 2M0149+29 (M9.5 V)
  - "A 2MASS Ultracool M Dwarf Observed in a Spectacular Flare", Liebert et al., 1999, ApJ, 519, 345
• BRI 0021-0214 (M9.5 V)
  - "BRI 0021-0214: Another Surprise at the Bottom of the Main Sequence", Reid et al., 1999, ApJ, 527, L105
• VB 10 (M8 V)
  - "An X-Ray Flare Detected on the M8 Dwarf VB 10", Fleming et al., 2000, ApJ 533, 372
• LP 944-20 (M9 V)
  - CHANDRA X-ray observatory captures Flare from Brown dwarf (July 11, 2000)
  - "Chandra Detection of an X-ray Flare from the Brown Dwarf LP 944-20", Rutledge, et al., 2000, ApJ, 538, L141
  - "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP994-20", Berger, et al., 2001, Nature, 410, 338
• LHS 2065 (M9 V)
  - "Flares at the Cool End of the M Dwarfs: The Case of LHS 2065", Martín & Ardila, 2001, AJ, 121, 2758
  - "X-ray emission from the ultracool dwarf LHS 2065", Schmitt & Liefke, 2002, A&A, 382, L9
• 2M1315-26 (L3)
  - "2MASSI J1315309-264951: An L Dwarf with Strong and Variable Hα Emission", Hall, 2002, ApJ, 564, L89
  - "2MASS 1315-2649: A High Proper-Motion L Dwarf with Strong Hα Emission", Hall, 2002, ApJ, 580, L77
  - "Infrared Observations of a Mid-L Dwarf with Strong Hα Emission", Riaz & Gizis, 2007, ApJ, 659, 675
• 2M0144-07 (L5)
  - "A Flaring L5 Dwarf: The Nature of Hα Emission in Very Low Mass (Sub)Stellar Objects", Liebert et al., 2003, AJ, 125, 343
• 1RXS J115928.5-524717 (M9)
  - "A new strongly X-ray flaring M 9 dwarf in the solar neighborhood", Hambaryan, et al., 2004, A&A, 415, 265
• DENIS 1048-39 (M9)
  - "Detection and high-resolution spectroscopy of a huge flare on the old M 9 dwarf DENIS 104814.7-395606.1", Fuhrmeister & Schmitt, 2004, A&A, 420, 1079
• SPM J0109-51(M8.5V)
  - "Time-series observations of the ultracool dwarf SSSPM J0109 - 5101", Koen C., 2005, MNRAS, 357, 1151
• DENIS 0255−4700 (L8)
  "IC and RC band time-series observations of some bright ultracool dwarfs", Koen C., 2005, MNRAS, 360, 1132
• e Ori No 45
  - "Rotation and variability of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs near e Ori", Scholz & Eislöffel, 2005, A&A, 429, 1007
• 2M1707+64 (M9 V)
  - "Multiband photometric detection of a huge flare on the M9 dwarf 2MASSW J1707183+643933", Rockenfeller, et al., 2006, MNRAS, 367, 407
• LP412-31 (M8 V)
  - "Simultaneous optical and X-ray observations of a giant flare on the ultracool dwarf LP412-31", Stelzer, et al., 2006, A&A, 460, L35
• 2M1028-14 (M7 V)
  - "Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs, including an amazing flare observation", Schmidt, et al., 2007, AJ, 133, 2258

Reviews

• "Model Atmospheres of Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs"
  Allard F., Hauschildt P.H., Alexander D.R., Starrfield S., 1997, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 35, 137

• "The Discovery of Brown Dwarfs"
  Eduardo L. Martin, Rafael Rebolo and Maria Rosa Zapatero-Osorio 1997, American Scientist, Nov-Dec

• "The physics of brown dwarfs"
  Chabrier G., 1998, Journal of Physics, 10, 11263

• "Theory of Low-Mass Stars and Substellar Objects",
  G. Chabrier, I. Baraffe, 2000, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 38, 337-377

• "The Discovery of Brown Dwarfs",
  Gibor Basri 2000, Scientific American, April

• "Observations of Brown Dwarfs",
  G. Basri, 2000, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 38, 485-519

• "Beyond M: Ultracool dwarfs in the Solar Neighbourhood",
  Reid I.N., Review talk at Galactic Structure, Stars and the ISM Conference (Grand Teton, May, 2000)

• "Spectroscopy of Young Brown Dwarfs and Isolated Planetary Mass Objects",
  Martín E.L., to be published in Lecture Notes in Physics, proceedings of the Ultracool Dwarfs Workshop, IAU General Assembly, (Manchester, 12 August 2000), Hugh Jones and Ian Steele (eds), Springer Verlag

• "The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets",
  A. Burrows, W.B. Hubbard, J.I. Lunine, J. Liebert, 2001, Reviews of Modern Physics, 73, 719

• "Origins of Brown Dwarfs",
  V. Joergens, 2005, Reviews in Modern Astronomy, Vol. 18

• "Review on low-mass stars and brown dwarfs",
  G. Chabrier, I. Baraffe, F. Allard, P.H. Hauschildt, 2005, "Resolved Stellar Populations"

• "New spectral types L and T",
  Kirkpatrick J.D., 2005, ARA&A, 43, 195

• "Chemistry of Low Mass Substellar Objects",
  K. Lodders, B. Fegley, Jr, 2006, Astrophysics Update v. 2

• "The formation of brown dwarfs",
  A.P. Whitworth, S.P. Goodwin, 2006, AN, 326, 899
• "The formation of brown dwarfs",
  A.P. Whitworth, et al., 2006, chapter in Protostars and Planets V

Libros / Books

New Light on Dark Stars: Red Dwarfs, Low-Mass Stars, Brown Dwarfs I. Neill Reid, Suzanne L. Hawley (2000, 2nd ed 2005), Springer Verlag

Otros temas relacionados / Other related subjects

The M Dwarf model & synthethic spectra collection (P.H. Hauschildt)

Brown Dwarf low-res synthetic spectra (P.H. Hauschildt)

Brown Dwarf & Extrasolar Giant Planet Thermal Fluxes from Marley et al. (1996) and Burrows et al. (1997)

``Low Mass Companions to Nearby Stars: Spectral Classification and its Relation to the Stellar/Substellar Break'' J. D. Kirkpatrick and D. W. McCarthy (1994, AJ, 107, 333)

Mass-Spectral Class Relationship for M Dwarfs
Isabelle Baraffe & Gilles Chabrier, ApJ 461, L5, 1996 April 10

High-resolution Spectra of Very Low-Mass Stars
C.G. Tinney, I.N. Reid, (1998, MNRAS 301, 1031)

Evolutionary models for solar metallicity low-mass stars: mass-magnitude relationships and color-magnitude diagrams
Baraffe I., Chabrier G., Allard F., Hauschildt P.H, (1998, A&A 337, 403)

Evolutionary models for very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with dusty atmospheres
G. Chabrier, I. Baraffe, F. Allard, P. Hauschildt, (2000, ApJ 542, 464)

The Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres
Allard F. et al. (2001, ApJ 556, 357)

Evolutionary models for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs: uncertainties and limits at very young ages
I. Baraffe, et al. (2002, A&A 382, 563)

Colour-magnitude diagrams for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
I. Neill Reid

New CrH Opacities for the Study of L and Brown Dwarf Atmospheres
Burrows A., et al., (2002, ApJ 577, 986)

Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 209458
Baraffe I., et al., (2003, A&A 402, 701)

Spectroscopic Constants, Abundances, and Opacities of the TiH Molecule
Burrows A., et al., (2004, ApJ, 624, 988)

"L and T Dwarf Models and the L to T Transition",
Burrows, et al. 2005, ApJ, 640, 1063

"Theoretical profiles of light alkali resonance lines for brown dwarf atmosphere conditions",
Allard, et al. 2005, A&A, 440, 1195

Current and future surveys

2MASS (2 Micron All Sky Survey) University of Massachusetts

2MASS (2 Micron All Sky Survey) IPAC

DENIS (Deep Near Infrared Survey) CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris

SDSS, Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Spitzer Space telescope

CFHTLS (Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey)

UKIDSS The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey

---

Congresos / Meetings

Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets
(March 17 - 21, 1997, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain)

Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Stellar Clusters and Associations
(May 11th - 15th, 1998, Los Cancajos, Santa Cruz de La Palma, La Palma, Spain)

List of abstracts

Protostars and Planets IV (Jul 6 - 11 1998, University of California, Santa Barbara)

From Extrasolar Planets to Cosmology: The VLT Opening Symposium (Antofagasta, Chile, 1-4 March 1999)

From giant planet to cool stars (June 8 - 11, 1999, Flagstaff, Arizona)

Ultracool Dwarf Stars, Surveys, Properties and Spectral Classification
IAU General Assembly (IAU Commissions 29 and 45)
(12 August 2000, Manchester, UK)

• Ultracool Dwarfs : New Spectral Types L and T
  Hugh R. A. Jones, Iain A. Steele eds. (2001), Lecture Notes in Physics Series, Springer Verlag

Brown Dwarfs and Planets Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy 31th ``Saas-Fee'' Advanced Course
(2-7 April 2001 - Grimentz- Switzerland)

IAU Symposium 211, - "Brown Dwarfs"
(20 - 24 May 2002, Big Island of Hawaii), ed. E.L. Martín

Low-mass stars and brown dwarfs: IMF, accretion and activity
(17 - 20 October 2004, Volterra, Italia)

Close Binaries in the 21st Century: New Opportunities and Challenges
(27-30 June, 2005, Syros, Greece)

Ultralow-mass star formation and evolution workshop
(28 June - 1 July, 2005, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)

Tenth Anniversary of 51 Peg-b: status and prospects of hot Jupiter studies
(Monday 22 - Friday 26 August 2005, Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France)

Protostars and Planets V - Brown Dwarf Workshop
(29 October 2005, The Big Island, Hawaii)

New Technologies for Probing the Diversity of Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets - total solar eclipse of 22nd of July 2009
(20-24 July, 2009, Shanghai, China)

ESA-CONSTELLATION workshop on brown dwarf formation. Recipes for making brownies: theory vs. observations
(9 - 11 September, 2009, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands)

Formation and early evolution of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs
(11-14 October 2011, ESO Garching, Germany)

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David Montes, dmgastrax.fis.ucm.es