Monográficos-InfoDOC Universidad de Salamanca Facultad de Traducción y
Documentación Biblioteca Web
Multiculturalismo e Información InfoDoc
diciembre de 2006
Multiculturalismo De Wikipedia, la
enciclopedia libre
El multiculturalismo es una teoría que busca
comprender los fundamentos culturales de cada una de las naciones, las cuales se
caracterizan por su gran diversidad cultural, la cual hace más problemática la
relación entre sus integrantes, pues todo ello genera por una parte cierta
tensión por querer encontrar su identidad; y por otro lado genera intercambios
culturales en beneficio de los grupos; de tal manera que tensión e intercambio
coexisten.
1.
Abu El-Khair, I., "Arabic
Information Retrieval". Annual Review of Information Science and
Technology, Vol. 41, 2007, pp. 505-533.
Descriptores
: Arabe/Recuperación de la
información/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
David Bearman, Ibrahim Abu El-Khair, and Harmeet Sawhney and
Krishna Jaykar) may be par for the ARIST course, but they are none the less
valuable for that: The national security implications of research in Arabic IR,
for instance, hardly need stating, and the pace of developments in digital
librariesa procrustean label, to be sureis such that regular updates are
required, an observation that could be applied equally well to policy and
empirical research addressing access issues such as the digital
divide.
2.
Aito, E., "Terminologie,
dénomination et langues minoritaires face à la modernité: vers une interrogation
soucieuse du social". Terminologies nouvelles, No. 21,
2000, pp. 46-50. http://www.rint.org/cadreIndex3.htm
Loin de se restreindre à la seule rubrique des pratiques
institutionnelles de normalisation, la socioterminologie permet d’appréhender
les multiples facettes d’une terminologie soucieuse du social. La question de
dénomination conduit inéluctablement à une double équation dénomination/
conceptualisation, dénomination/ définition, et il incombe de s’orienter vers «
une perception socialisée du réel » ( Gaudin 1993: 98 ).
The countries in the world are necessarily multilingual
demographically given the universal historical facts that people migrate to new
lands and the states annex new lands. Both migration, voluntary and forced, and
annexation, by war and other means, give rise to a population in a country that
speak more than one language.
4.
Annichiarico, M., "Ala in
miami beach: summer bummer.". Library Journal, Vol. 119, No.
13, 1995, pp. 40-47.
Descriptores
: Congresos/Asociaciones profesionales/Adolescentes/Redes de
ordenadores/Multiculturalismo/Legislación/Redes de información/Libertad de
expresión/CD-ROM/Reconocimiento profesional/American Library
Association/Internet
Resumen:
Provides an overview of the 1994 American Library
Association Convention. Highlights include problems with the location; teen
violence; federal legislation; awards; speakers; gender issues and technology,
including video games and the Internet; intellectual freedom; multiculturalism
and librarian recruitment; CD-ROM; and exhibits.
5.
Annichiarico, M., "Free
speech headlines in San Francisco.". Library Journal, Vol. 122,
No. 13, 1997, pp. 36-42.
Descriptores
:
Congresos/Autores/Libros/Censura/Multiculturalismo/Libertad de
expresión/Internet /Legislación/Tecnologías de la información/American Library
Association/Externalizacion de servicios/Telecomunicaciones
Resumen:
Reports on the 116th Annual Conference of the American Library
Association (ALA) held in San Francisco June 26-July 1, 1997. Discusses
intellectual freedom and Internet filters, the Communications Decency Act, the
1996 Telecommunications Act's Universal Service provision, the Hawaii
outsourcing model, exhibits, books and authors, diversity, ALA council and
executive search, and technology.
La República Argentina posee una extensión de 3.761.274 km 2 ,
distribuidos entre 23 provincias y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Esta
amplitud geográfica tan grandiosa desde el punto de vista de las bellezas
naturales, a veces se vuelve un obstáculo cuando se plantean encuentros o
comunicaciones asiduas (de Norte a Sur, son aprox. 3.800 km y de Este a Oeste,
1.400 km). En el país existen actualmente 62 instituciones vascas reconocidas
por el Gobierno Vasco, una población de 36.000.000 de habitantes, de los cuales
se estima que alrededor de 3 millones tienen ascendencia vasca.
7.
Atibakwa Baboya, E.,
"Terminologie européenne et terminologie africaine : éléments de
comparaison". Terminologies nouvelles, No. 21, 2000, pp. 32-37.
http://www.rint.org/cadreIndex3.htm
Descriptores
: Terminología/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
Bien qu’elle soit difficile, la comparaison entre la
terminologie européenne et la terminologie africaine fait ressortir de
nombreuses différences qui justifient la nécessité d’une approche théorique
différente; L’européenne est séculaire, s’occupe de technologies de pointe, de
normalisation et d’harmonisation internationale et entre dans l’ère
informationnelle. L’africaine, par contre, est à peine naissante, s’occupe de
technologies de base et de connaissances de masse, d’appropriation de la
nouveauté par les cultures locales.
8.
Atuti, R. M., "The
challenge of public library systems to meet information needs for diverse
multicultural communities: a case of mobile library service in Kenya
". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 68, 2002. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/033-130e.pdf
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Africa/Países en desarrollo/Bibliotecas
públicas/Necesidades de información
Resumen:
The paper sets out with a background information and explains
the contextual situation for adaptation of mobile service in the public library
system in Kenya. It also presents the status quo and synchronizes the
cross-types of mobile service that KNLS provides. The paper collates the mobile
library bookstock with users needs and levels and makes deductions. The
challenges that face the service providers are enlisted and possible remedies
suggested on how to transform the said challenges into opportunities for
improvement of the service. The paper concludes with a brief analysis on the way
forward.
9.
Audunson, R., "The public
library as a meeting-place in a multicultural and digital context: The necessity
of low-intensive meeting-places". Journal of Documentation,
Vol. 61, No. 3, 2005, pp. 429-441. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00220410510598562
Descriptores
: Información a la comunidad/Bibliotecas digitales/Sociedad
de la información/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
Purpose The purpose of the paper is to develop an
improved conceptual framework for researching and discussing the public
library's role as a meeting-place in a multicultural and digital society.
Design/methodology/approach The development of today's Western societies
from societies dominated by one cultural canon, and where the role of the public
library is to give the public access to that canon, into societies where a
multitude of cultural expressions and values are tolerated and appraised, is
summarized. This development is linked to the digital revolution, which opens up
for increased communication but might increase a development where people live
in segregated cultural niches without being exposed to other values and
interests. The general challenge of creating meeting-places with a potential of
promoting that degree of cross-cultural communication which a community
presupposes is presented. Theory and research on meeting-places and arenas for
community communication are presented. Findings The concepts of
high-intensive versus low-intensive meeting-places are developed. High-intensive
meeting-places are those arenas where people invest their primary engagement,
whereas low-intensive meeting-places are arenas where one is exposed to the
values and interests of others. The role of low-intensive meeting-places in
promoting tolerance and community is discussed, and the public library's
potential as a low-intensive meeting-place is analyzed. Research
limitations/implications Empirical research based on the concept of
high-intensive and low intensive meeting-places should be undertaken. Practical
implications The concept of low-intensive meeting-places has practical
consequences for public librarianship. Some of these are specified in the paper.
Originality/value The paper develops a new concept that might prove
fruitful for research as well as for practical librarianship.
Este trabajo pretende poner a consideración de los estudiosos
una selección de fuentes informacionales que referencian la historia de la
inmigración europea en la Provincia de Misiones. Se describen las fuentes
documentarias y no documentarias que testimonian los usos, las apropiaciones del
saber, las voces y los procesos complejos, plurales, heterogéneos y
contradictorios, vivenciados por los inmigrantes y reflejados en objetos,
sujetos y documentos de todo tipo, tales como: Instituciones (Universidades,
Museos, Archivos, Bibliotecas, Iglesias, ONGs); Personas (historiadores;
profesores; hijos, nietos y bisnietos de inmigrantes); Documentos (Libros,
artículos, filmes, música, grabaciones; investigaciones, tesis, Obras de arte).
This paper brings together a bibliography of historical sources
dealing with the subject of European immigration to the Province of Misiones,
Argentina. These sources, documentary and non-documentary, demonstrate and
record the many complex experiences undergone by the immigrants. The sources can
be documents of all kinds or objects. These can be held in institutions such as
universities, museums, archives, libraries, churches, and NGOs. The sources can
be the testimony of historians, of university professors, of the sons,
daughters, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of the original settlers. As
well as books and printed matter, research works and theses, the source material
includes film, music, recordings and pieces of art.
12.
Boff, C., Singer, C., and Stearns,
B., "Reaching Out to the Underserved: More Than Thirty Years of
Outreach Job Ads". Journal of Academic Librarianship, Vol. 32,
No. 2, 2006, pp. 137-147 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00991333
Descriptores
: Enseñanza a distancia/Multiculturalismo/Bibliotecas
universitarias
Resumen:
Contents of outreach position announcements posted in College
and Research Libraries News from 1970 through 2004 were examined. Ads fell
within three broad groups: distance education, multicultural services, and
specialized. Overall, outreach positions have been on the rise with the
exception of multicultural services librarian positions that have not increased
at a stable rate.
13.
Bouquin-Keller, H., "Les langues
dites d'immigration dans les bibliothèques municipales françaises".
Bulletin des bibliothèques de France, Vol. 48, No. 5, 2003, pp. 24-32. http://www.enssib.fr/bbf/bbf-2003-5/04-bouquin.pdf
Descriptores
: Minorías/Bibliotecas públicas municipales/Información a la
comunidad/Emigrantes
Resumen:
Les bibliothèques municipales françaises, fidèles dans leur
ensemble au « modèle » républicain d'intégration, ne proposent généralement pas
de fonds dans les langues dites « d'immigration ». Cependant, quelques-unes ont
constitué des collections dans ces langues et continuent à les enrichir. Ne
faudrait-il pas généraliser ces initiatives isolées, qui permettent aux lecteurs
d'origine étrangère de maintenir des liens avec leur culture, et contribuent
aussi à promouvoir ces cultures auprès de tous les autres lecteurs ? Pour les
bibliothécaires, il s'agit d'un travail difficile qui nécessite des méthodes
adaptées. On peut formuler un certain nombre de propositions inspirées
d'expériences françaises et étrangères, en particulier scandinaves et
allemandes.
14.
Boyd, A. and Lenix Hooker, C. J.,
"Afrocentrism: hype or history?". Library Journal, Vol. 117,
No. 18, 1992, pp. 46-49.
Descriptores
: Minorías/Racismo/Gestión de la
colección/Colecciones/Multiculturalismo/Bibliotecas universitarias/Enseñanza
secundaria/Universidades/Servicios bibliotecarios/Bibliotecas
públicas/Bibliotecas especializadas
Resumen:
Discusses the concept of Afrocentrism and presents the
arguments of several scholars for and against the role of Afrocentrism in
education. Implications for librarians are considered, and guidelines for
related collections and services are offered. Major African studies repositories
and suggested titles for Afrocentric collections are listed.
: Motores de búsqueda/Multiculturalismo/Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
When I run my courses on searching the Internet for
information one of the questions that I’m commonly asked is for regional or
country based search engine information. Of course, I knew about some of the
major sites and search engines that help in this area, but I always had a
sneaking suspicion that there was probably a lot more out there than I was aware
of. Consequently I thought it was about time I took a look at country and
regional based search engines in a little more depth to see what I could come up
with, so I started a little list. This ‘little list’ now has over 1,400
different search engines in it, so I thought it might be of interest if we took
a little world tour to see exactly what is out there. If you’re in a hurry, the
list is available from my website.
After World War II the area of Berlin called Kreuzberg was
partly destroyed by allied bombs, where half of all houses were in ruins. Cheap
housing attracted students, refugees and social out-casts, as well as an
increasing number of foreign workers. In June of 1961 93 Turkish “guest-workers”
arrived in West-Germany. By the end of the year 7.000 Turks worked in the
country, and by 1974 28.000 Turkish people lived in Kreuzberg. Also in 1974 the
only Turkish library in Berlin was established. The Namik-Kemal-Library (named
after a famous Turkish author) offered library materials for adults and
children, and was headed by a Turkish librarian.
FINFO is a web service provided by the Danish State and
University Library/ The Danish Central Library for Immigrant Literature. The
service is maintained jointly by the Immigrant Library and 68 regional and
municipal libraries. The overall aim of FINFO is to provide representatives of
ethnic/language minorities with better access to information about their rights,
obligations and opportunities in the Danish society. Furthermore it is an
objective of FINFO to prompt relevant authorities and organisations to provide
targeted information for ethnic minorities on their web sites. This information
is presented in 13 languages.
18.
Brown, C. C., "Reference
services to the international sdult learner: understanding the
barriers". Reference librarian, No. 69-70, 2000, pp. 337-347 .
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo/Minorías/Servicios de
información bibliográfica
Resumen:
International adult learners include immigrants, nonimmigrants,
and foreign-born residents of the United States who are non-native speakers of
English and come from a variety of cultures. This population presents a
challenge to delivery of reference services, but at the same time is extremely
rewarding. Barriers to service are discussed. Linguistic barriers include
selection of vocabulary, sentence structure, and various sociolinguistic
considerations. The variety of the world's cultures and the impact on reference
service are discussed in the context of cultural barriers. Technological
barriers include the fast rate in technology change, information literacy, and
the impact of the World Wide Web.
19.
Byrne, A., "Freedom of access to
information and freedom of expresion in a pluralistic world". IFLA
journal, Vol. 25, No. 4, 1999, pp. 223-231.
Descriptores
: Bibliotecas/Acceso a la
información/Multiculturalismo/Aspecto social/Libertad de expresión/Libertad de
información/Derecho a la información
Resumen:
Los enormes movimientos de población en el último siglo
han creado un mundo plural en el que se entremezclan razas, credos y lenguas. En
éste mundoo la tolerancia y el respeto de los derechos humanos es
imprescindible. Estos estan expresados en la Declaración de Derechos Huumanos,
especialmente del artículo 19 de Libertad de expresión y de acceso a la
información. Habría que preguntarse cual es el papel de las bibliotecas en este
mundo
20.
Caidi, N. and Allard, D.,
"Social inclusion of newcomers to Canada: An information problem?
". Library & information science research, Vol. 27, No. 3,
2005, pp. 302-324. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Emigrantes/Necesidades de información/Aspecto
social/Información a la comunidad
Resumen:
This article examines how information service providers,
particularly libraries, may assist effectively in meeting the information needs
of immigrants. In order to understand information practices of immigrants and
cater to their needs, a holistic approach is advocated that encompasses a closer
examination of theories and principles of social inclusion and social capital in
addition to information seeking behavior. Only through this holistic overview
can one apprehend the role that information plays in the world of immigrants at
various stages of their integration into their adopted society. The issues
raised have implications for frontline information providers as well as for
policy makers interested in programs, policies, and funding priorities
concerning information provision and access strategies that enable social
inclusion of newcomers and longer established immigrants into the social fabric
of Canada.
21.
Centelles, M., "Informe del
BOBCATSSS 2004 Symposium “Library and Information in Multicultural Societies”
(Riga, Letònia, 26-28 de gener de 2004)". BiD : Biblioteconomía y
Documentació, No. 12, 2004. http://www2.ub.es/bid/consulta_articulos.php?fichero=12centel.htm
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Congresos
Resumen:
Entre el 26 i el 28 de gener de 2004 va tenir lloc a Riga,
capital de Letònia, el BOBCATSSS 2004 Symposium. El BOBCATSSS és un simposi
anual organitzat, des del 1993, pels estudiants de centres d’ensenyament
europeus que imparteixen estudis en l’àrea de biblioteconomia i documentació,
sota el paraigua de l’EUCLID (European Association for Library and Information
Education and Research). Els seus destinataris són especialistes en informació,
estudiants i professors en l’àmbit de la recerca i l’educació en biblioteconomia
i documentació, i professionals que desenvolupen les seves tasques en
biblioteques i centres de documentació.
22.
Chattoo, C. D., "Reference
services: meeting the needs of international adult learners".
Reference librarian, No. 69-70, 2000, pp. 349-362.
Descriptores
: Educación de adultos/Servicios de información
bibliográfica/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo/Minorías
Resumen:
International adult learners constitute a very large percentage
of the international student and scholar population in the United States. The
ability of this adult group to use libraries is hampered not only by their
language, cultural and educational barriers, but also by librarians' limited
understanding of their differences in learning styles. The relationship between
learning styles and the methods of instructing them in library use is addressed
in this paper. Recommendations for training and instruction of librarians on
meeting the needs of this culturally diverse group are also
provided.
23.
Chaudhry, A. S., "Knowledge
sharing practices in Asian institutions: a multi-cultural perspective from
Singapore". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 71, 2005.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla71/papers/066e-Chaudhry.pdf
Descriptores
: Difusión de la información/Multiculturalismo/Asia/Gestión
del conocimiento
Resumen:
Research studies on knowledge sharing carried out in Singapore
during the last five years are reviewed and special features of knowledge
sharing practices in Asian institutions are discussed. Cultural traditions had
positive and negative effect on knowledge sharing practices in the multi-ethnic
and diverse society of Singapore. Understanding of these factors is important
for information institutions and education providers to support knowledge
management initiatives.
24.
Clara M. Chu , "Immigrant
Children Mediators (ICM): Bridging the Literacy Gap in Immigrant
Communities". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65,
1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/109-145e.htm
Studies and observations of immigrants with limited dominant
language literacy reveal their use of various literacy strategies to communicate
with and function in the dominant society. One of these is the interpreter
strategy whereby immigrants rely on their children to serve as cultural,
linguistic, and informational mediators. Sociologist Betty Lee Sung refers to
this undertaking of adult responsibilities by immigrant children as the reversal
of parent-child roles. This paper examines the mediation activities and
information needs of ICMs, and recommends strategies librarians can use to
prepare ICMs to competently mediate for their family and friends by teaching
them how to find relevant sources of information, to critically examine the
sources of information available to them, and to consider mediation as a life
skill.
The purpose of this article is to present an overview of
The European Library as a portal and discuss the issues of usability this gives
in delivery of multicultural, multilingual access to the cultural heritage in
Europe's National Libraries. Design/methodology/approach ? The approach is a
description of the service its business model, management structure and
technical base with an emphasis on how this does or does not work for the user.
Findings ? Portals are not great user experiences. This is further complicated
in the case of The European Library by the language barrier for search and
retrieval across national boundaries. However, the existence of The European
Library is at least of accessing material that would otherwise remain only
accessible within the library itself. It is also a big step towards the creation
of a European Digital Library. Originality/value ? The paper discusses more of
the effects of such a portal on the user than has elsewhere been published. The
value is in its description of collaborative working, its example of a
management and organisational structure, its working business model and the
technical solution that sits behind it. As an example of creating cross country
and cultural access to digitised information it has been successful to
date.
26.
Daugaard, V., "The Co-operation
Across Cultures In Public And Scientific Libraries: The Co-operation In Net
Librarian / BiblioteksVagten: A Danish “Ask The Librarian”
Service". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 69, 2003. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/106e-Daugaard.pdf
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Cooperación bibliotecaria
Resumen:
An important task for the libraries is to provide the citizens
with information and in Denmark the two library sectors have joined forces in
carrying out this job. They co-operate in the service Net Librarian.
27.
Dawson, A., "Celebrating
African-American Librarians and Librarianship". Library trends,
Vol. 49, No. 1, 2000, pp. 49-87.
This article celebrates the achievements of African-American
librarians and their contributions to librarianship. It identifies and reviews
records of scholarship that can serve as starting points for students and
scholars. It chronicles the achievements of numerous individuals and provides
additional resources for further investigation. Although it includes major
studies, major organizations, and recurring themes in the literature, attention
is also given to lesser known individuals and facts that appear in primary and
secondary sources. Suggestions are made for areas of further investigation where
the history of library services to African-Americans remains to be written.
28.
Diki-Kidiri, M., "Terminologie
et diversité culturelle". Terminologies nouvelles, No. 21,
2000, pp. 5-. http://www.rint.org/cadreIndex3.htm
Descriptores
: Terminografía/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
Depuis sa constitution en tant que discipline, vers la
fin du XIX e siècle, la terminologie n’a pas cessé d’évoluer sous la pression de
nouveaux besoins, de nouvelles situations qui émergent et deviennent dominants
au sein de la société.
29.
Diki-Kidiri, M., "Une approche
culturelle de la terminologie". Terminologies nouvelles, No.
21, 2000, pp. 27-31. http://www.rint.org/cadreIndex3.htm
Descriptores
: Terminología/Africa/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
Le développement des langues africaines pour les rendre aptes à
exprimer toutes les réalités du monde moderne en général et de l’Afrique
d’aujourd’hui en particulier passe nécessairement par un travail important en
terminologie et en néologie dans tous les domaines de connaissance et de
spécialité. Mais ce travail exige une nouvelle méthode de travail basée sur une
approche culturelle de la terminologie, approche qui conduit à reconsidérer
autrement certains aspects de la théorie terminologique classique, pour la faire
évoluer.
30.
Duwairi, R. M., "Machine
Learning for Arabic Text Categorization ". Journal of the American
Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 57, No. 8, 2006, pp.
1005-1010. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Arabe/Recuperación de la
información/Multilingüismo/Multiculturalismo/Transliteración
Resumen:
In this article we propose a distance-based classifier for
categorizing Arabic text. Each category is represented as a vector of words in
an m-dimensional space, and documents are classified on the basis of their
closeness to feature vectors of categories. The classifier, in its learning
phase, scans the set of training documents to extract features of categories
that capture inherent category-specific properties; in its testing phase the
classifier uses previously determined category-specific features to categorize
unclassified documents. Stemming was used to reduce the dimensionality of
feature vectors of documents. The accuracy of the classifier was tested by
carrying out several categorization tasks on an in-house collected Arabic
corpus. The results show that the proposed classifier is very accurate and
robust.
31.
Ekman, M., "Llegar a los
usuarios multiculturales en las bibliotecas: algunas reflexiones y ejemplos de
Suecia ". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/008-106s.htm
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Bibliotecas /Suecia/Usuarios/Estudio de
usuarios
Resumen:
'Llegar' -- ¿qué significa realmente esto en términos
bibliotecarios? El primer paso es estar disponible para lo que la gente necesita
en el momento adecuado - ser una fuente de crecimiento personal en el centro de
una sociedad democrática - un lugar para la integración y la comprensión en un
mundo demasiado segregado. El derecho a la información y al conocimiento ha ido
haciéndose más y más importante a medida que la diferencia entre ricos y pobres
crece -y entre quienes tienen acceso al conocimiento y quienes no lo tienen. Las
bibliotecas construyen la infraestructura para la democracia y la igualdad en la
sociedad.
32.
Ekman, M., "To Reach
Multicultural Users in Libraries - some reflections and examples from
Sweden". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/008-106e.htm
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Bibliotecas /Suecia/Usuarios/Estudio de
usuarios
Resumen:
'To reach' - what does that actually mean in library
terms? The first step is to be available for what people need at the right time
- to be a source for personal growth in the centre of a democratic society - a
room for integration and understanding in an all too segregated world. The right
to information and knowledge has become more and more important as the gap
between rich and poor increases - and between those who have and those who do
not have access to knowledge. Libraries build the infrastructure for democracy
and equality in society.
33.
Estevez Saá, J. M., "Reflexiones
sobre ‘Valor’, ‘Gusto’ e ‘Interpretación’
desde una Perspectiva Cultural
". Congreso internacional de
AEDEAN, No. 27, 2003.
Descriptores
: Cultura/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
By paying attention to the thoughts developed by a fan of
scholars (Dewey, Montgomery, Abbagnano, Altick, Eagleton, Eco…) I will try to
revise the current uses of notions such as value, taste and interpretation. My
aim will be to vindicate their importance at the moment of approaching the
different cultural manifestations that have emerged in the last decades,
especially those made possible thanks to the fields of research opened by
Cultural Studies and in particular by Popular Culture. The new international
moment of multiculturalism demands a reconsideration of the role of
intellectuals as interpreters, as well as a reestablishment of Western scales of
high/low cultural taste and value-hierarchization as Bauman, Frow and
Featherstone have proclaimed under the influence of predecessors such as
Williams or Barthes, among others.
34.
Fisher, K. E., Durrance, J. C., and
Hinton, M. B., "Information grounds and the use of need-based services
by immigrants in Queens, New York: A context-based, outcome evaluation approach
". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology, Vol. 55, No. 8, 2004, pp. 754-766. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/107628781/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Inmigrantes/Aspecto
social
Resumen:
We elaborate on Pettigrew's ([1998], [1999]) theory of
information grounds while using an outcome evaluation approach enriched by its
focus on context to explore the use of need-based services by immigrants in New
York City. Immigrants have substantial information and practical needs for help
with adjusting to life in a new country. Because of differences in language,
culture, and other factors such as access, new immigrants are a difficult
population to study. As a result, little research has examined their
predilections from an information behavior perspective. We report findings from
a qualitative study of how literacy and coping skills programs are used by and
benefit the immigrant customers of the Queens Borough Public Library (QBPL).
From our interviews and observation of 45 program users, staff, and other
stakeholders, we derived a grand context (in Pettigrew's terms) woven from three
subcontexts: the immigrants of Queens, New York; the QBPL, its service model,
and activities for immigrants; and professional contributions of QBPL staff. Our
findings are discussed along two dimensions: (a) building blocks toward
information literacy, and (b) personal gains achieved by immigrants for
themselves and their families. We conclude that successful introduction to the
QBPL - as per its mission, programming, and staff - can lead immigrants to a
synergistic information ground that can help in meeting broad psychological,
social, and practical needs.
Según los diccionarios de la lengua española se define
que alternativa es la “opción entre dos cosas” Nos corresponde hoy seleccionar
alternativas que beneficien a nuestros usuarios y nos ayuden a cumplir nuestra
misión social. En algunos países se han planteado bibliotecas alternativas como
aquellas que promueven el acceso a las fuentes de información sobre la
protección de los derechos humanos y de las libertades del individuo cuando el
régimen en donde se desenvuelven no facilita el libre acceso a la información.
36.
Fowler, Y., "No Role Plays
PleaseWe're British: Devising Workshops on Working through an Interpreter for
Police, Social Workers and Probation Officers". Critical Link,
Vol. 2, 2001 . http://www.criticallink.org/journalscl2/8.pdf
This paper describes some of the difficulties faced in enabling
public service organizations to recognize their responsiblities when working
through an interpreter. It highlights the crucial communicative role played by
the Service Provider, and urges a process model of in-service training. While
recognizing that Police Officers, Social Workers and Probation Officers are all
working in different environments and may have conflicting agendas, the model
can be adapted to suit each context provided that five main principles are
observed. The five principles are described, as is the format for putting them
into practice. Service Provider responses to the activities are summarized. The
paper concludes that becoming skilled in providing a service to non-English
speaking service users is to provide a better service to all, whether English
speaking or not.
: Clasificación /Multiculturalismo/CDU/Tesauros/Recuperación
de la información/Compatibilidad
Resumen:
The article describes the research done over a bibliographic
database in order to show the impact the specificity of the knowledge organising
tools may have on information retrieval (IR). For this purpose two multilingual
Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) based thesauri having different degrees
of specificity are considered. Issues of harmonising a classificatory structure
with a thesaurus structure are introduced, and significant aspects of
information retrieval in a multilingual environment are examined in an extensive
manner. Aspects of complementarity are discussed with particular emphasis on the
real impact produced on IR by alternative search facilities. Finally, a number
of conclusions are formulated as they arise from the study.
38.
Freyre, E. and Bourdon, F.,
"UNIMARC: ¿qué soluciones presenta para la catalogación en diversas lenguas -
diversas escrituras?". IFLA Council and General Conference, No.
65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/100-155s.htm
En general las ISBD recomiendan que los centros bibliográficos
nacionales usen una sola lengua y/o una sola escritura de catalogación. Sin
embargo, hay países que tienen diversas lenguas y/o escrituras oficiales. En
este caso ¿qué lenguas y/o escrituras debe elegir el centro bibliográfico
nacional? Las reglas nacionales de catalogación ofrecen diferentes soluciones.
En algunas ocasiones es necesario gestionar simultáneamente catálogos en
diversas lenguas y/o escrituras.
39.
Freyre, E. and Bourdon, F.,
"UNIMARC : what solutions for multilingual / multiscript cataloguing
?". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/100-155e.htm
The following themes will be approached during the meeting :
Generally ISBDs recommend a given national bibliographic agency to use only one
cataloguing language and/or one cataloguing script. But some countries have
several official languages and/or official scripts : in this case what language
and/or what script must be chosen by the national bibliographic agency ?
40.
García Gómez, F. J., "Biblioteca
Pública Municipal. Ayto. de San Javier: La biblioteca pública española en el
ámbito rural: una solución para problemas de exclusión". Foro
Biblioteca y Sociedad, 2004. http://www.anabad.org/foro/index.php?b=3&c=19
Biblioteca Pública Municipal. Ayto. de San Javier: La
biblioteca pública española en el ámbito rural: una solución para problemas de
exclusión.
41.
García Gómez, F. J., "Biblioteca
Pública Municipal. Ayto. de San Javier: La biblioteca pública española en el
ámbito rural: una solución para problemas de exclusión". Boletín de
la ANABAD, Vol. 54, No. 1-2, 2004. http://www.anabad.org/encuentros/foroexperiencias/index@b=3&c=19.html
: Interculturalidad/Madrid/Inmigrantes/Información a la
comunidad/Bibliotecas públicas
Resumen:
El programa Biblioteca Abierta se inserta en el Proyecto de
Inserción Laboral de Inmigrantes en las Bibliotecas Públicas de la Comunidad de
Madrid desarrollado entre octubre del 2005 y junio de 2006. Este proyecto tuvo
lugar en ocho bibliotecas de titularidad de la Comunidad de Madrid. Por primera
vez se incorpora a las plantillas de las bibliotecas públicas la figura del
“mediador intercultural” que tiene, entre otras funciones, relacionarse con las
comunidades de inmigrantes, mantener una colección suficiente y atractiva en su
cultura de origen y realizar actividades culturales para difundirla. Esta
actividad ha sido llevada a cabo por cuarenta mediadores que han realizado
tareas de colaboración en servicios bibliotecarios, la realización de encuestas
entre la población inmigrante que se acerca a la biblioteca... etc. Se
distribuyeron por las bibliotecas teniendo en cuenta la distribución de la
inmigración en los distritos. Las comunidades y lenguas representadas han sido:
ruso, búlgaro, polaco, rumano, chino y países árabes.
43.
Gaudet, F., "Virtual Reference
Canada (VRC): A Canadian service in a multicultural environment.".
IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 68, 2002. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/004-128e.pdf
Descriptores
: Servicios de información
bibliográfica/Internet/Canadá/Multiculturalismo/Servicios de referencia en
línea
Resumen:
Virtual Reference Canada (VRC) is a digital reference service
using World Wide Web technology. It was initiated by the National Library of
Canada (NLC) in spring 2001 and went into test mode at the start of 2002. It
draws on the contribution of a wide range of Canadian libraries and allied
institutions. The development of VRC owes a great deal to the pioneering work
undertaken by the Library of Congress and its Collaborative Digital Reference
Service (CDRS). We would like to highlight their contribution and extend our
thanks to them.
44.
Genieva, E., "The Trophy
Collection of Books from Sárospatak in Cultural Context of the New
Millenium". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 68, 2003.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/133-089e.pdf
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
Strange as it may seem, the problem of cultural valuables
displaced as a result of wars is discussed as a cultural issue in the last
place. Yet the very roots of this problem are related to basic cultural
archetypes, compared to which all legal and political aspects are secondary.
Originally, victors treated captured “cultural valuables” (as we call them now)
as material valuables and, at the same time, as sacral ones. Under modern
civilization cultural and sacral values have merged in many ways: the fruits of
other people’s spiritual culture are their sacred objects, so to appropriate
such objects means, consequently, to defeat the enemy’s spirit. That is why the
issue of “trophy” objects of art and books is so important to the tolerant
mentality which will not stand either victory or defeat in spiritual sphere.
45.
González Rodríguez, I.,
"Biblioteca e integración: un espacio donde cabe todo el mundo: la biblioteca
municipal 'Teresa Murga' de Ermua y los colectivos especiales".
Jornadas del Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas de Euskadi, No. 1, 2003. http://www1.euskadi.net/libro_bibliotecas/libroybibliotecas/home/jorna09.pdf
Descriptores
: País Vasco/Bibliotecas públicas
municipales/Integración/Inmigrantes
Resumen:
Ermua es un pueblo con unas características demográficas y
orográficas especiales. La Biblioteca Municipal ha intentado adaptarse a esa
diversidad, aceptando e incorporando la multiculturalidad, la discapacidad y los
colectivos específicos a los servicios que presta la biblioteca. La creación de
puntos de lectura en la Casa de la Mujer o el área de Pediatría del Ambulatorio,
los cuentacuentos bilingües para el colectivo inmigrante, la interacción con los
centros escolares o la incorporación de lenguaje de signos en algunas
actividades son algunas de las iniciativas que acercan los servicios a los
colectivos o personas de la población que los requiere. Todas las personas y
sectores sociales caben en la biblioteca municipal y la integración y el
servicio a toda la comunidad rigen el trabajo diario que se
desarrolla.
46.
Graniel Parra, M. d. R.,
"Aspectos lingüísticos a considerar en bibliotecas dirigidas a las
comunidades indígenas Mexicanas". Métodos de información,
Vol. 6, No. 32-33, 1999. http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00001647/01/1999-32-54.pdf
El presente trabajo esboza algunas reflexiones sobre los
servicios bibliotecarios que tienen acceso a las comunidades indígenas
mexicanas. En la primera parte se expone someramente algunas cuestiones teóricas
y conceptuales pertenecientes a los campos de la lingüística, la
sociolingüística y la bibliotecología, con base en las cuales se aborda la
problemática. En la segunda se abordan algunos antecedentes históricos que
muestran las influencias que tuvieron dichas comunidades indígenas por parte de
la cultura mexica, durante la época de la colonia española, la independencia y
más recientemente. Por último se describe la situación actual de las comunidades
indígenas por lo que toca a su lengua y cultura y se plantean algunas
reflexiones útiles para la implantación de servicios bibliotecarios en esas
comunidades.
: Multiculturalismo/Multimedia/Gestión de la
colección/Selección/Bibliotecas públicas/Bibliotecas
universitarias/Adquisiciones
Resumen:
This paper introduces a philosophical framework for cultural
diversity in academic and public library collections followed by a practical
approach to collection development for library media collections. It
investigates issues related to identifying, evaluating, and acquiring
audiovisual resources that accurately portray people from a variety of racial
and ethnic backgrounds. Practical information such as sources for selection,
sources of reviews, promotion of multicultural collections, current awareness
strategies for identifying new resources, and listings of relevant catalogs and
Web sites are discussed.
48.
Green, R., "Keynote panel :
ISKO's Fith International Conference, Lille France". Knowledge
organization, Vol. 25, No. 4, 1998, pp. 143-161.
La Conferencia Internacional sobre Organización del
Conocimiento (ISKO) se celebró en Agosto de 1998 en Lille (Francia). La
conferencia abierta con un panel en el que destacaban grandes figuras
internacional en el tema de la organización y la clasificación del conocimiento
McIlwaine, Neelameghan, Hudon, Flhur, Joan Mitchel... , bao la moderación de
Rebecca Green en torno al tema general de la conferencia 'Relaciones y
estructuras sobre la organización del conocimiento', cada uno de los
participantes disponía de un periodo para exponer las prácticas en una o
más áreas en relación con el tema de la conderencia : 1. El papel de las
relaciones jerárquicas en la organización del conocimiento. 2. Relaciones con
los contexto multilingües, multiculturales y multidisciplinarios y 3. Relación
con la recuperación de la información en línea
49.
Inghilleri, M., "Mediating Zones
of Uncertainty Interpreter Agency, the Interpreting Habitus and Political Asylum
Adjudication ". The Translator, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2005, pp.
69-86.
Descriptores
: Interpretes de conferencias/Emigrantes
Resumen:
This paper builds on previous work by the author (Inghilleri
2003) which explored the status of norms in relation to the notion of an
'interpreting habitus' and the contexts and cultures of interpreter training and
practice. It attempts to further elaborate one aspect of the conceptual
framework used in this previous work, namely the notion of an interpreting
habitus, considering it in relation to translation and interpreting theory more
generally. The paper argues for a view of interpreted events within the asylum
system as crucial sites for the convergence of competing fields and their
accompanying habitus. It suggests that, given the present constitution of the
public service interpreting profession as a 'zone of uncertainty', a term
Bourdieu uses to refer to weak positions located in the gaps between fields
within social space, the status of interpreters' knowledge within interpreted
events remains vulnerable to exercises of power outside of their control. Under
these conditions, the 'interpreting habitus' the 'product' of the
convergence of fields, habitus and capital remains oriented toward the
maintenance of control of the social/interactive space by the dominant legal and
political institutions involved in the political asylum process. The paper is
based on a current ethnographic investigation of interpreting activity in the
political asylum application process in the United Kingdom.
This article builds on the work of Cook (1994) and Semino
(1997), although it begins by attempting to demonstrate that their claims that
the general function of literature is to change a reader's schemata are
logically difficult to sustain, difficult to demonstrate empirically and
counter-intuitive for many experiences of reading literature. Two poems are
considered as examples of 'schema-affirmation': the identification in a text of
prior knowledge or experience which is rarely or never publicly articulated in
that genre. It is claimed that this is a common experience for readers of
literary works, particularly for those who in some way feel themselves oppressed
or alienated by the mainstream culture. It is suggested that the ability to read
simultaneously from a number of viewpoints should become the foundation of any
model of textual meaning, and that readers' tendency to construct what they see
as the 'intended' meaning is not necessarily affected by their other or
alternative readings. The need for empirical work investigating these phenomena
is acknowledged and it is suggested that reader-response studies could be
adapted to this end.
Grace explorará las razones fundamentales del éxito del British
Council en diferentes culturas y argumentará cómo este ha prosperado gracias a
la vigencia de las bibliotecas a nivel mundial. Describirá también lo que ha
aprendido de trabajar en diferentes ambientes y concluirá haciendo un
llamamiento a los bibliotecarios para que enfoquen su trabajo en la experiencia
de trabajar con diferentes culturas.
Grace will explore underlying reasons for the British Council
success working in so many different cultures and argues that it has flourished
through the currency of libraries at the heart of its offer worldwide. She will
describe what it has learned about working in many different environments and
conclude with a call for every librarian to focus on the expertise of working
between cultures and maintaining enduring relationships between people.
53.
Kumar, S. L. and Suresh, R. S.,
"Strategies for providing effective reference services for international
adult learners". Reference librarian, No. 69-70, 2000, pp.
327-336.
Descriptores
: Bibliotecas universitarias/Multiculturalismo/Servicios de
información bibliográfica/Educación de adultos
Resumen:
In their mission or goals statements, most universities declare
their commitment to promoting a multicultural campus. A multicultural campus can
only come about with the creation of an environment that provides the support
and encouragement that allows for academic growth and success for international
students. Reference librarians serve a special role as information providers and
can play a significant part in ensuring the academic success of these students.
To achieve this, we must first increase our basic understanding of the cultural
and economic impact of international students at a national and university
level. Further, recognizing the unique pressures under which these international
students function will increase awareness and help us to position ourselves to
effectively meet their information needs. This paper will describe obstacles and
problems international students generally deal with in choosing to pursue
studies abroad and then suggest practical strategies for overcoming these
problems and providing effective reference services.
: Clasificación /Multiculturalismo/Clasificación Decimal de
Dewey
Resumen:
The authors describe the difficulties of translating
classifications from a source language and culture to another language and
culture. To demonstrate these problems, kinship terms and concepts from native
speakers of fourteen languages were collected and analyzed to find differences
between their terms and structures and those used in English. Using the
representations of kinship terms in the Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
and the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as examples, the authors identified
the source of possible lack of mapping between the domain of kinship in the
fourteen languages studied and the LCC and DDC. Finally, some preliminary
suggestions for how to make translated classifications more linguistically and
culturally hospitable are offered.
La multiculturalidad es un fenómeno de rápido crecimiento en
todas las sociedades del mundo. También representa un reto importante para las
bibliotecas, que deben adaptar sus servicios a grupos de usuarios y a demandas
cambiantes. Esta es la razón por la que la International Network of Public
Libraries (Red Internacional de Bibliotecas Públicas) de la Bertelsmann Stiftung
decidió investigar esta materia. Las motivaciones de los autores para estudiar
la multiculturalidad fueron tanto su firme convicción de que las bibliotecas
deben servir a todos los miembros de la sociedad como su convencimiento de que
hay mucho que aprender de otras bibliotecas sobre cómo mejorar los servicios que
prestan a la población.
56.
Larson, K. C., "The Saturday
Evening Girls: a Progressive Era Library Club and the Intellectual Life of
Working Class and Immigrant Girls in Turn-of-the-Century Boston".
Library Quarterly, Vol. 71, No. 2, 2001, pp. 195-230. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/LQ/toc.html
Descriptores
: Siglo 19º/Club de lectura/Emigrantes/Estados
Unidos
Resumen:
Originally established in 1899 to provide intellectual and
social stimulation on Saturday evenings to poor, young Jewish and Italian
working women and girls living in the North End of Boston, the Saturday Evening
Girls' Club successfully expanded into seven additional library clubs over the
next twenty years. By die 1910s, the clubs were supporting approximately 250
members, publishing a newspaper called the S.E.G. News, and operating an
acclaimed art pottery, the Paul Revere Pottery. Under the tutelage of Edith
Guerrier, a librarian, her partner Edith Brown, an artist, and Helen Osborne
Storrow, their financial patron, the clubs' meetings focused on weekly
discussions of literature, economics, politics, music, art, and employment
opportunities. Participation in these clubs enabled some of the members to
pursue higher education at a significantly greater rate than their cohort, and
indeed even that of native-born white women of the time period. Using rarely
available primary documents, I examine the role clubs and social reform
organizations played in advancing educational and economic agendas, and provide
a rare look at the intellectual life of immigrant and working-class
women.
57.
Liestman, D., "Reference
services and the international adult learner". Reference
librarian, No. 69-70, 2000, pp. 363-378.
Descriptores
: Educación de adultos/Servicios de información
bibliográfica/Multiculturalismo/Minorías
Resumen:
International adult learners are a growing patron constituency.
They share a number of common characteristics, notably their unfamiliarity with
many library services. In addition, barriers such as language and communication
differences as well as functional issues present challenges to effective
service. Libraries can better meet the needs of International Adult Learners by
determining what their needs are. In doing so they will be able to provide
better programming and improve library instruction. In addition, libraries can
partner with other community agencies and institutions to improve service for
International Adult Learners. Staff training should also be undertaken to
improve the ability of library personnel to interact with this particular user
group.
Slang has often been considered an illegitimate topic in
linguistics. Perhaps the main reason for this is to be found in the fact that
slang, like other modes of nonstandard speech, runs counter to the idealized and
homogeneous models of language that many linguists have aimed to describe. Such
neglect has no doubt been unfortunate, among other reasons because it has
discounted the importance of verbal playfulness and creativity in wordformation.
59.
Lim, E., "Pasarelas temáticas
del Sudeste Asiático: análisis de sus métodos de clasificación".
IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/011-117s.htm
Desde siempre, la biblioteca tradicional ha formado colecciones
o facilitado acceso a recursos de información diseñados para satisfacer las
necesidades de sus usuarios más inmediatos. Es decir, el espacio de información
en la que han de navegar sus usuarios tiende a ser concentrado, cerrado y
finito. Internet, por otra parte, con un espacio de información casi ilimitado y
la ausencia de una organización coherente, plantea serios problemas de
navegación a los investigadores y otras personas interesadas en la búsqueda de
información. Para facilitar el acceso a la gran cantidad de información
disponible han surgido una serie de servicios de indización que se encargan de
indizar gran parte de la World Wide Web.
60.
Lim, E., "Southeast Asian
Subject gateways: examination of their classification practices".
IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/011-117e.htm
The traditional library has always built collections or
provided access to information resources designed to meet the needs of its
primary clientele. That is to say, the information space within which its users
have to navigate tend to be more focused, confined and finite. The Internet, on
the other hand, with its almost infinite information space and lack of coherent
organisation, poses serious navigational problems for researchers and other
information seekers. To facilitate access to the large quantity of information
available, a number of indexing services have sprung up to index a large
proportion of the World Wide Web. Unfortunately, however, the major search
engines or directory services like Alta Vista, Northern Light, HotBot, Excite
and Lycos are not wholly satisfactory for effective information retrieval for a
variety of reasons.
During the past thirty years, scholars in many fields have
written voluminously on the maintenance and significance of Native languages
among ethnic minorities. Language endangerment and erosion is viewed
as a tragic phenomenon on a global level. Yet, it is in the circumpolar
North that these losses have been especially poignantly felt. This essay will
address those aspects of the history of Alaska Native languages and language
loss as it has unfolded within the broad spectrum of socio-cultural forces
affecting Alaska Native cultures. Evidence suggests that the legacy
of language loss has been substantial. Throughout the spectrum of Alaska
Native cultures, this tragedy is felt profoundly as it has brought about a sense
of irreplaceable loss and left many questions unanswered. Have the outside
forces working within been the primary causes of this erosion or, perhaps, have
the victims of this tragedy also played a role of enablers in this process? The
recognition of this condition has triggered strong, positive reactions
throughout the state of Alaska and its Native communities. These
culturally integrated responses indicate tenacity, courage, wisdom and hope for
a renaissance. How can libraries become more sensitive and culturally responsive
in this emerging milieu? We do not want to be perceived, as libraries often are,
as a component of a white, European imperialist institution but rather as
supportive partners in this process of cultural reassertion. Thus, our
methodologies of selection, preservation, classification, access, and
dissemination may need to be refashioned and explained in terms that fit into
the vision and philosophy of connectivity to Alaska Native cultures.
Keywords: Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska Fairbanks,
Alaska and Polar Regions Collections, Oral History Program UAF, Alaska Native
Language Center UAF, Arctic minority languages endangerment, Native language
lossAlaska, Alaska Native peoplehistory, Alaska Native peopleassimilation,
Circumpolar RegionsLibrary collections, bilingual education, Alaska cultural
reassertions, culturally responsive libraries.
62.
Lodares, J. R., "¿El español es
una lengua internacional?: La pobreza y el papel internacional del
español". Apuntes, No. 1, 2002. http://www.el-castellano.com/lodares5.html
Descriptores
: Español/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo
Resumen:
¿El español es una de las grandes lenguas internacionales? Con
casi 400 millones de hablantes, nuestra lengua es una de las que cuentan con más
hablantes nativos del mundo. Sin embargo, la crítica situación económica y el
analfabetismo que afectan a buena parte de los latinoamericanos sitúan al
español por detrás de otros idiomas menos hablados, como el francés y el alemán.
El lingüista Juan Ramón Lodares analiza cómo los problemas económicos y sociales
de América Latina obstaculizan un reconocimiento más amplio del español como
lengua internacional.
63.
Lois Mai Chan , Xia Lin , and Zeng,
M., "Structural and multilingual approaches to subject access on the
web". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/012-117e.htm
Descriptores
: Búsquedas bibliográficas/Acceso a la información/World
Wide Web/Internet/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo
Resumen:
Among the many challenges in discovering and mining useful
resources on the World Wide Web are the sheer volume of what is available and
language barriers. Mechanisms that can organize web resources for more efficient
and effective retrieval are urgently needed, and there is an equally obvious and
pressing need for programs that can accommodate multiple languages. In this
presentation, which is in three parts, we will discuss some of the efforts
currently being made on both fronts.
64.
Lois Mai Chan , Xia Lin , and Zeng,
M., "Un Enfoque Estructural y Multilingüe al Acceso por Materias en la
Web". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65, 1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/012-117s.htm
Descriptores
: Búsquedas bibliográficas/Acceso a la información/World
Wide Web/Internet/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo
Resumen:
Entre los muchos desafíos que plantea la búsqueda y explotación
de recursos útiles en la World Wide Web están el del enorme volumen de datos
disponibles y el de las barreras lingüisticas. En este sentido, existe una
urgente necesidad de desarrollar mecanismos que permitan organizar los recursos
web de modo más eficiente y efectivo, así como programas que puedan funcionar
con múltiples idiomas. En el presente artículo, dividido en tres partes,
analizaremos algunos de los esfuerzos que en ambos sentidos se están llevando a
cabo en la actualidad.
65.
Lozano Martínez, J. and Ballesta Pagán,
J., "Universidad de Murcia: El acceso a la información de los jóvenes
de Secundaria inmigrantes de la Región de Murcia". Foro Biblioteca
y Sociedad, 2004. http://www.anabad.org/admin/archivo/docdow.php?id=138
En los albores del siglo XXI nos encontramos que la información
empieza a ser el capital mas cotizado (Castells, 1998) y al mismo tiempo, los
informes de personas e instituciones influyentes nos hacen volver la mirada
hacia atrás. Aparecen de nuevo expresiones como el saber, saber hacer, saber
convivir (Delors, 1996), aunque en un marco distinto, en una denominada, quizá
abusivamente, sociedad de la información o también llamada interactiva y
reticular, en donde podemos detectar una falta de dialéctica entre educación,
aprendizaje y sociedad (Imbernón, 1999). Ahora bien, esa información es posible
que no esté al alcance de todos, sino sólo de minorías cada vez más selectas; o
incluso, adentrándonos en la temática que a continuación abordaremos y, en
concreto referido al alumnado inmigrante escolarizado en la Educación Secundaria
Obligatoria, nos cuestionamos: ¿ tiene este colectivo las mismas oportunidades
de acceso a la información que los demás alumnos en sus hogares?, ¿saben hacer
uso de los mismos medios y para los mismos fines que el resto de sus compañeros
de aula y del centro?.
66.
Lozano Martínez, J. and Ballesta Pagán,
J., "Universidad de Murcia: El acceso a la información de los jóvenes
de Secundaria inmigrantes de la Región de Murcia". Boletín de la
ANABAD, Vol. 54, No. 1-2, 2004. http://www.anabad.org/encuentros/foroexperiencias/index@b=3&c=19.html
En los albores del siglo XXI nos encontramos que la información
empieza a ser el capital mas cotizado (Castells, 1998) y al mismo tiempo, los
informes de personas e instituciones influyentes nos hacen volver la mirada
hacia atrás. Aparecen de nuevo expresiones como el saber, saber hacer, saber
convivir (Delors, 1996), aunque en un marco distinto, en una denominada, quizá
abusivamente, sociedad de la información o también llamada interactiva y
reticular, en donde podemos detectar una falta de dialéctica entre educación,
aprendizaje y sociedad (Imbernón, 1999). Ahora bien, esa información es posible
que no esté al alcance de todos, sino sólo de minorías cada vez más selectas; o
incluso, adentrándonos en la temática que a continuación abordaremos y, en
concreto referido al alumnado inmigrante escolarizado en la Educación Secundaria
Obligatoria, nos cuestionamos: ¿ tiene este colectivo las mismas oportunidades
de acceso a la información que los demás alumnos en sus hogares?, ¿saben hacer
uso de los mismos medios y para los mismos fines que el resto de sus compañeros
de aula y del centro?.
67.
MacEwan, A., "Crossing language
barriers in Europe: linking LCSH to other subject heading languages".
Cataloging & classification quarterly, Vol. 29 , No. 1-2, 2000, pp.
199-207.
Descriptores
: Europa/Encabezamientos de
materia/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo/Bases de datos
Resumen:
A study group representing four European national libraries
(the Swiss National Library, Die Deutsche Bibliothek, the Bibliotheque nationale
de France and The British Library) recently conducted a study on the possibility
of establishing multilingual thesaural links between the headings in the LCSH
authority file and the authority files of the German indexing system SWD/RSWK
and the French indexing system RAMEAU. The study demonstrated a high level of
correspondence in main headings, but also revealed a number of issues requiring
further investigation. The study group's findings led to recommendations on the
scope for the development of a prototype system for linking the three Subject
Heading Languages (SHLs) in the databases of the four
institutions.
68.
Mason, R. M., "The Critical Role
of Librarian/Information Officer as Boundary Spanner Across Cultures Humans as
Essential Components in Global Digital Libraries". IFLA Council and
General Conference, No. 71, 2005. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla71/papers/013e-Mason.pdf
Descriptores
: Bibliotecas digitales/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
As libraries become increasingly based on digital storage and
access technologies, knowledge management approaches seem particularly useful.
Most knowledge management systems emphasize the role of information and
communications technologies, and the question arises about the role of
librarians in these systems. This paper posits that if globally digital
libraries are to realize their potential for providing access to the widest
feasible range of knowledge, librarians and information officers need to fulfill
a challenging and critical role as boundary spanners across cultures. This paper
is based on evidence that knowledge is culturally derived, acquired, and
applied, and that learningthe acquisition of new knowledge is enabled by skills
that are culturally dependent. This aspect of knowledge suggests that the tacit
dimension of knowledge and learning may require humans to aid in spanning the
boundaries across different knowledge domains and different
cultures.
: Inmigrantes/Bibliotecas/Gran Bretaña/Aspecto
social
Resumen:
From around 1500, librarians active in Britain have included
foreigners. Many were recruits from the Continent for the royal and
archiepiscopal libraries. Successive generations of refugees and their
descendants have also enjoyed careers in the libraries of Britain. Their
achievements cast an unexpected light on British librarianship and the
prominence of our libraries. This paper discusses the intellectual momentum of
the Reformation and identifies firstly the Huguenots who found places in the
libraries of England and Ireland and their careers whose characteristics have
anticipated those of later immigrants also bringing the leaven of Europe to the
development of our libraries.
70.
Mateo, V., "La biblioteca de
Rubí y la población inmigrante extrangera". Jornadas de Bibliotecas
Infantiles y Escolares, Vol. 5, 1998, pp. 183-189.
Descriptores
: Bibliotecas Públicas /Inmigrantes /Lectura
Resumen:
El acercamiento de la población inmigrante extranjera a la
biblioteca ha condicionado que esta cuente con un fondo documental especial para
estas minorias; además se organizan diversas actividades para reforzar la
comprensión intercultural entre las diferentes comunidades que viven en esta
población.
Recent immigrants are settling not only in urban centers, but
are dispersing throughout the suburban landscape. Formany of these new
immigrants, the local public library can provide a vital connection to the
American Dream, if only librarians can effectively reach them. This article
discusses the planning for multilingual chat reference service (currently
English, Spanish, and Chinese) and some of the issues and challenges that
librarians face in a suburban public library system.
72.
McCook, K. d. l. P. and Lippincott,
K., "Library schools and diversity: who makes the grade?".
Library Journal, Vol. 122, No. 7, 1997, pp. 30-32.
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Bibliotecas escolares/Minorías/Análisis
comparativos/Universidades/Datos estadísticos/American Library
Association
Resumen:
Discusses minorities and diversity in the library and
information profession. Highlights include comparisons of minority graduation
rates from 1985 to 1995; library schools in rank order according to minority
graduation rates; and efforts by the ALA (American Library Association) to
improve diversity.
Describes the work of the New Zealand National Library and its
commitment to being a context for diversity so that the collections within it
are a reflection of the community it represents. The National Library
consultation with Mäori has centred on a strategic partnership goal and
acknowledges Mäori as the tangata whenua. It will have a strategy for developing
an effective partnership with Mäori by 2002. The library is nothing if it is not
part of the community it represents and the collections held within it are
anything less than a reflection of New Zealanders.
Describe el trabajo de la Biblioteca Nacional de Nueva Zelanda
y su compromiso de ser un contexto para la diversidad de manera que las
colecciones que contiene sean un reflejo de la comunidad que representa. La
consulta de la Biblioteca Nacional con los maoríes se ha centrado en una meta
estratégica de colaboración y reconoce a los maoríes como 'tangata whenua'.
Tendrá una estrategia para desarrollar una colaboración efectiva con los maoríes
hacia el 2002. La biblioteca no es nada si no es parte de la comunidad que
representa, y las colecciones contenidas en ella son algo menos que un reflejo
de los neozelandeses.
Análisis del nuevo ambiente de pluralidad de ideas y
pensamientos propios de nuestro siglo aplicados al pensamiento bibliotecológico.
Reflexión sobre el objeto de la Bibliotecología y su papel cambiante en función
de hechos como la diversidad y pluralidad en relación con el concepto de
información.
76.
Nelson, C. O., "Unity through
diversity: a call to work.". Library Journal, Vol. 119, No. 16,
1994, pp. 38-42.
Describes the highlights of the Second National Conference of
African American Librarians, held in Milwaukee (Wisconsin) in August 1994, that
focused on multicultural issues. An overview of conference programs discusses
leadership development and the dangers of diversity. Sidebar articles list
conference award winners and exhibitors.
Reading the Storyteller has been for me an eye opening
experience. Like most non-American people, the only information I have received
of the American Indians has come mainly from films. These “Western” films paint
a picture of Native Americans as half-naked savages. However, reading
Storyteller has been a great opportunity to learn about the Native American
culture, that it is completely different from the one we have often been exposed
to in films. In Storyteller, Leslie Marmon Silko tells her story and the story
of her people. The story is of the Lagunas, who are a part of the Pueblo
Indians. The book brings us to a different culture, with different values and
between these values is the strong importance of the older members in the
community decisions. Another important point for this culture is the fact that
for Indians, the word was sacred and the one who had the power of the word, the
storyteller, was an authority of the tribe. In the book, the American Indian
storyteller is presented as a mythmaker, a teller of her tribe that keeps the
knowledge alive through the times. This point is clearly reflected in the
following lines, where the role of the storyteller and the stories is discussed:
78.
Pawley, C., "Unequal Legacies:
Race and Multiculturalism in the LIS Curriculum". Library
Quarterly, Vol. 76, No. 2, 2006, pp. 149-168. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/LQ/toc.html
Race remains poorly understood and inadequately represented in
library and information science (LIS) education. Educators tend to avoid the
term 'race,' preferring the more inclusive 'multiculturalism.' Yet these terms
are far from equivalent: the various dimensions of multiculturalism, including
race, ethnicity, class, and gender, have different histories and different
theoretical explanations. Four models dominate LIS research and teaching:
science/ technology, business/management, mission/service, and society/culture.
Each has left its own racialized legacy, invisibly influencing the field's
current concepts of race. Drawing on recent research into 'whiteness' and racial
formation, I show that although each model transmits an inheritance that
perpetuates white privilege, each also carries the potential for positive
transformation. Arguing that courses in all four areas have the capability to
foreground race, the article outlines ways in which faculty, students, and
library practitioners together can make curricular changes that contribute to
the creation of libraries as 'nonwhite' or 'race-neutral'
spaces.
79.
Pedzich, J., "Taking the law
into your own hands.". Library Journal, Vol. 118, No. 10, 1993,
pp. 9-84.
Descriptores
:
Colecciones/Selección/Bibliografías/Inmigrantes/Minorías/Legislación/Industria
editorial/Obras de referencia
Resumen:
Describes how to select materials needed by the growing legal
self-help movement, the importance of currency, and publishers in the field. An
annotated bibliography of 25 titles includes general guides and books focusing
on estate planning, going to court, contracts, animals, immigration, domestic
issues, real estate, and bankruptcy.
80.
Pérez Iglesias, J., "Nosotras
red(volucionarias): O como tejer una RED que haga las bibliotecas menos
excluyentes". Educación y Biblioteca, Vol. 14, No. 130, 2002,
pp. 96-103.
NOSOTRAS [personas bolleras, maricas, transexuales, disidentes,
inmigrantes, disconformes, gitanas, extravagantes, exiliadas, petardas, amantes
de las músicas raras, de los libros publicados hace años, fanzineras, punkis,
siniestras, raperas, activistas, antiglobalizadoras, antifascistas, queer, no
blancas, no cristianas, tatuadas, piercinadas, teñidas, anticapitalistas,
antiprohibicionistas, okupas, ...] (1) que trabajamos en una biblioteca queremos
ofrecer a nuestras usuarias [personas bolleras, maricas, transexuales,
disidentes, inmigrantes, disconformes, gitanas, extravagantes, exiliadas,
petardas, amantes de las músicas raras, de los libros publicados hace años,
fanzineras, punkis, siniestras, raperas, activistas, antiglobalizadoras,
antifascistas, queer, no blancas, no cristianas, tatuadas, piercinadas, teñidas,
anticapítalistas, antiprohibicionistas, okupas,...] espacios de identificación,
herramientas de lucha, comunidades virtuales y servicios de referencia útiles
para enfrentar a una sociedad enferma.
81.
Peterson, L., "Multiculturalism:
affirmative or negative action?". Library Journal, Vol.
120, No. 12, 1995, pp. 30 31.
Descriptores
:
Multiculturalismo/Igualdad/Empleo/Bibliotecas/Minorías/Racismo/Legislación/Futuro/Gestión
de la colección/Política bibliotecaria/Servicios
bibliotecarios/Estadística/Aspecto social
Resumen:
Defines multicultural groups, discusses the evolution of
multiculturalism, analyzes the 'one-third myth,' which says that America will be
one-third minority by the year 2000, discusses statistical multicultural
theories, and reviews laws and regulations that provide equality in jobs and
education. Also examines multicultural trends in library policies, services, and
collection development.
Les rencontres de l’ASDIFLE 0, qui avaient lieu le 28 mars 2003
à l’Alliance française de Paris sur le thème « Français et insertion », ont mis
à l’honneur les composantes d’une authentique pédagogie interculturelle.
L’occasion d’un panorama unique sur cette question, avec l’un de ses plus
ardents promoteurs.
83.
Ramavonirina, O., "Symbolisme
végétal et terminologie dans la culture malgache". Terminologies
nouvelles, No. 21, 2000, pp. 43-45. http://www.rint.org/cadreIndex3.htm
Descriptores
: Terminología/Africa/Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
En décrivant le rôle important du symbolisme végétal dans la
formation de la néologie et l’enrichissement de la terminologie dans la langue
malgache, nous voulons ainsi démontrer la nécessité de préserver la diversité
culturelle, génératrice de modes spécifiques d’appropriation du savoir, face au
danger que représente une conception réductrice et hégémonique de la
mondialisation.
84.
Reece, G. L., "Multiculturism
and Library Exhibits: Sites of Contested Representation". Journal
of Academic Librarianship, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2005, pp. 366-372. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00991333
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Bibliotecas universitarias
Resumen:
This article analyzes a multicultural library exhibit
presenting the Palestinian/Israeli conflict as a site of contested
representation. Qualitative methodology is used to interrogate the exhibit and
its audience reception. Drawing on insights from critical pedagogy, implications
for libraries arising from this case study are given and suggestions are made
for transforming controversy into educative situations.
In this document the RASD Committee on Library Services to the
Spanish Speaking has reached a goal in the articulation of longawaited
guidelines to reach this important minority community. Provision of library
services to Hispanics can prove to be complex: nationality, regional
differences, and culture provide myriad combinations for that single community.
As an example, there are significant linguistic and cultural differences
reflected in the varieties of Spanish spoken by Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans,
and other Hispanic groups. To recognize these differences and to respond
correctly to them is a major theme within these guidelines.
86.
Ríos Balderrama, S., "This Trend
Called Diversity ". Library trends, Vol. 49, No. 1, 2000, pp.
194-214 .
Descriptores
: Minorías/Servicios bibliotecarios/Bibliotecas
públicas/Multiculturalismo/Aspecto social
Resumen:
The work of diversity in libraries begins at the crossroad
where superiority, inaction, and denial become intolerable. Yet in working
toward true diversity, we work without the familiar construct of a mainstream.
We respond to, or ignore, repetitive critique of being too exclusive or not
inclusive enough. We decide whether it is appropriate to quantify the existence
of a people or to trust what we know intuitively. These paradoxes present us
with questions that serve as teachable moments or paralyzing hurdles. Once at
the crossroads, however, there are systematic strategies and operating
principles for bringing significance, meaning, and action to this trend called
diversity.
87.
Robbin, A., "We the People: One
Nation, A Multicultural Society". Library trends, Vol.
49, No. 1, 2000, pp. 6-48.
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Sociedad de la
información/Minorías/Bibliotecas/Aspecto social/Indicadores
Resumen:
This article examines selected economic and social indicators
of our multiracial and multiethnic society at the end of the twentieth century
to provide an information base for wise decisions about effective library
services. The statistical profile describes the demography, economic well-being,
and educational attainment of the principal racial and Hispanic origin groups.
The data show that progress in our nation's well-being has occurred, but a great
deal remains to be done to achieve the goals of equity and equality of
opportunity.
88.
Roulon-Doko, P., "Le geste
technique, fondement conceptuel du verbe". Terminologies
nouvelles, No. 21, 2000, pp. 39-42. http://www.rint.org/cadreIndex3.htm
« Le sens d’une forme linguistique se définit par la totalité
de ses emplois, par leur distribution et par les types de liaisons qui en
résultent » Émile Benveniste, 1966, Problèmes de linguistique générale, p. 290.
Par l’examen précis des divers emplois de quelques verbes gbaya, langue
oubanguienne de Centrafrique, l’auteur montre l’importance qu’il y a à
comprendre le geste technique qui fonde le sens de chacun de ces verbes. C’est à
ce niveau que peut être perçue la conceptualisation du sens de base du verbe,
son noyau sémantique qui organise tous les autres sens.
Les archives de l’émigration sont étonnantes, mais négligent
souvent de donner une image complète des émigrants et des expériences des
processus par lesquels ils sont passés. Les archives de l’émigration européen ne
donnent des informations considérables en ce qui concerne les émigrants
individuels, comprenant souvent le lieu d’origine. Il n’existe pas d’études de
tous ces documents et il n’existe même pas de liste complète des types de
documents et des lieux pour aucun pays d’Europe. En décrivant le travail du «
projet des ancêtres immigrants » de l’universitéBrigham Young cet article
identifie les différents types de documents produits par les immigrants au cours
du processus de l’émigration, donnant des exemples de plusieurs pas où on peut
trouver chaque type de document.
Immigration records are wonderful, but often fail to give a
complete picture of the emigrants and the experiences and processes they went
through. European emigration records provide extensive information about
individual emigrants, often including the place of origin. No survey of all such
records exists and there is not even a complete list of records types and
locations for any single European country. In describing the work of the
Immigrant Ancestors Project at Brigham Young University this paper identifies
the various record types that were generated by emigrants in the process of
emigration, giving examples from several countries where each type of record may
be found.
91.
Sánchez- Pardo González, E.,
"¿Modernismo mestizo?: Expatriación, Diáspora e Hibridación Etnorracial y
Genérica en la Construcción de la Vanguardia Angloamericana.".
Congreso internacional de AEDEAN, No. 27 , 2003.
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo
Resumen:
En las últimas dos décadas, y debido al gran auge que han
experimentado los Estudios Postcoloniales, nociones como hibridación, diáspora,
transculturalidad, identidad, comunidad y nación, han ocupado un lugar central
en la teoría. Esta mesa redonda tiene por objeto estudiar hasta qué punto los
debates generados por muchos de estos fenómenos ya estaban en germen en el
Modernismo, como movimiento eminentemente transnacional que fue.
The work of researching and implementing a library plan for the
Sámi in Sweden is now complete. The whole process began as early as August 1994,
when the Swedish Sámi Parliament’s Executive Council determined that the office
of the Sámi Library Consultant was to be moved from the Central Lending Library
for Upper Norrland Province [län] at the City Library of Umeå to the Sámi
Parliament. Then, in February of 1995, a full plenary meeting of the Sámi
Parliament determined that the office of Sámi Consultant was to be located in
Jokkmokk, and that the Executive Council “should investigate the feasibility of
establishing a Sámi central library regarding financing, areas of
responsibility, location, etc.”
93.
Scott-Smith, C. K., "Challenges
in providing public library services in a multicultural and geographically
remote area". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 65,
1999. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/134-139e.htm
Descriptores
: Multiculturalismo/Inmigrantes/Bibliotecas públicas/Aspecto
social
Resumen:
Ferdinand Magellan landed on Guam in 1521 and Spain
subsequently claimed the island in 1565. Guam became a U.S. possession and was
placed under the administration of the U.S. Navy after the Spanish-American War
in 1898. In 1950, after the enactment of the Organic Act, the island was placed
under the civilian administration with a governor appointed by the President of
the United States of America, under the consent of the Senate. The first
election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor was held in November 1970. Guam
elected its own executive and legislative branches of government then, and
thereby increased its local autonomy.
According to the annual statistics of the Berlin
Commissioner for Foreigners, 437,777 foreigners were registered as living in
Berlin in 1999, among them 130,449 Turks. Naturally these statistics do not
include those who are in Berlin illegaly or semi-legally, i.e. without
police registration, and this number is estimated at being several ten
thousand.
95.
Solé, I., "La Biblioteca Sant
Pau-Santa Creus : espacio de convivencia de culturas". Educación y
biblioteca, Vol. 11, No. 107, 1999, pp. 13-15.
Cada barrio, pueblo o ciudad es un mundo. También cada
biblioteca en ese contexto. La Biblioteca de Sant Pau-Santa Creu se planteó
atender a la diversidad de colectivos que viven a su alrededor, y que poceden de
otras culturas, misión recogida en el Manifiesto de la Unesco
96.
Somerville, M. R., "Global is
local.". Library Journal, Vol. 120, No. 3, 1995, pp. 131-133.
By reflecting the new global community in staffing,
collections, programs, exhibits, and services, public libraries will be
fulfilling their role in the acculturation and education of new citizens, as
well as contributing to greater community understanding and a new world order. A
sidebar lists seven steps for serving recent immigrants.
97.
Star, S. L., "Grounded
classification: grounded theory and faceted classification.".
Library trends, Vol. 47, No. 2, 1998, pp. 218-232.
Este artículo compara el método cualitativo de la teoría, con
la clasificación de Ranganathan sobre la construcción de facetas en las
bibliotecas y ciencias de la información.Ambos estudios son fundamentalmente
problemáticos. La representación de palabras vernáculas y procesos, descubiertos
empiricamente, serán, aunque etnograficamente satisfactorios, convincentes mas
allá del esudio de cada caso. El artículo compara el trabajo realizado por
Glaser y Strauss de 1967 con el de Ranganathan de 1950.
98.
Stoffle, C. J. and Tarin, P. A.,
"No place for neutrality: the case for multiculturalism.".
Library Journal, Vol. 119, No. 12, 1994, pp. 46-49.
Discusses the role of libraries and library staff in helping
society grapple with the ramifications of multiculturalism. Definitions of
multiculturalism, steps in creating a diverse library staff, training needs, and
dealing with charges of political correctness are addressed. A graphic model of
stages in the process of developing a multicultural organization is
included.
: Bibliotecas públicas/Estados
Unidos/Minorías/Inmigrantes/Aspecto social
Resumen:
La Queens Library de New York dessert une population de plus de
2,3 millions de personnes dans le comté le plus varié des États-Unis : des
particuliers et des familles, qui viennent de plus de 120 pays, qui parlent plus
de 180 langues et dialectes différents. La Queens Borough Public Library offre
des collections, des programmes, des services et un accès électronique qui
permettent aux usagers d'apprendre à se servir de la bibliothèque, quelle que
soit leur langue maternelle, ou de trouver une aide à l'intégration dans le
pays. L'auteur décrit les nombreux services offerts par la bibliothèque, qui
font d'elle une des plus exceptionnelles institutions d'éducation en Amérique
aujourd'hui.
100.
Studwell, W., "Universal subject
environment : aspirations for a multinational, multicultural, and multilingual
subject access system". Technical services quarterly, Vol. 16,
No. 3, 1999, pp. 21-30.
Descriptores
: Encabezamientos de materia/Internet/Reglas de
catalogación/Normalización/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo
Resumen:
Se hace una propuesta futura para el desarrollo de un
sistema de encabezamientos de materias basado en las Library of Congress subject
headings . El 'Universal Subject Environment' sería un anexo natural a las
Cataloging Anglo-american Rules y a Internet, ya que ambos son de alcance
internacional. Se plantean algunos detalles del nuevo sistema, como son las
maneras de implementación
101.
Sturges, P., "Understanding cultures,
and IFLA's Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE)
core activity ". Journal of Documentation, Vol. 61, No. 2,
2005, pp. 296-305 . http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00220410510585232
Descriptores
: Acceso a la
información/Multiculturalismo/Bibliotecas
Resumen:
Purpose Aims to explore an alternative approach to
library and information service in multicultural communities, based on the
principles of IFLA's Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression
(FAIFE) Committee. Design/methodology/approach Literature-based analysis
of current approaches to multicultural services and the basis for a different
approach. Findings The need in information and library services for
multicultural communities is often described as if it is solely for members of
minority communities to be able to obtain materials in their own languages and
cultural traditions. A more considered view stresses the need for access to
richly informative resources so that all members of a multicultural society can
move towards a deeper understanding of each other. IFLA's FAIFE initiative
implies more than just a campaign against the suppression and censorship of
information and communication. It implies creating conditions for information
access unhindered by prejudices, misconceptions and inadequate competences.
FAIFE's role in facilitating removal of restrictions, combating suppression of
information, fostering rights of access and supporting the development of
information competences in all communities and in the information professionals
who serve them, is potentially a major contributor to the enhancement of fair
and harmonious relations in multicultural communities. Research
limitations/implications There is no new research in the paper: it builds
on sources already published. Practical implications A modified approach
to multicultural library and information services based on FAIFE principles.
Originality/value Addresses providers of multicultural services in
libraries.
102.
Thackray, B., "Multilingual
information society projects under review ". Managing
information, Vol. 5, No. 10, 1998, pp. 20.
Descriptores
: Comunidades Europeas/Información/Política de
información/Sociedad de la información/Tecnologías de la
información/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo
Resumen:
At the end of October, the european Commission undertook a
mid-term review of eleven MLIS (MultiLingual Information Society) projects, to
help evaluate the progress of the projects and provide the consortia with
feedback and guidelines for further steps.
103.
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, "Language
policies and education: the role of education in destroying or supporting the
world's linguistic diversity". Congreso Mundial sobre Políticas
Lingüísticas, No. 1, 2002. http://www.linguapax.org/congres/plenaries/skutnabb.html
I shall in this paper discuss the future of the planet in terms
of ecosystem health. We people are but one small part of the planet's ecosystem,
but we have done more than any other part of this system to harm and destroy its
health. We are today killing both biodiversity and linguistic and cultural
diversity, and through this forced homogenisation ruining the
planet.'
104.
Tsuji, K. and Kageura, K., "Automatic
Generation of Japanese-English Bilingual Thesauri Based on Bilingual
Corpora". Journal of the American Society for Information Science
and Technology , Vol. 57, No. 7, 2006, pp. 891-906. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
The authors propose a method for automatically generating
Japanese-English bilingual thesauri based on bilingual corpora. The term
bilingual thesaurus refers to a set of bilingual equivalent words and their
synonyms. Most of the methods proposed so far for extracting bilingual
equivalent word clusters from bilingual corpora depend heavily on word frequency
and are not effective for dealing with low-frequency clusters. These
low-frequency bilingual clusters are worth extracting because they contain many
newly coined terms that are in demand but are not listed in existing bilingual
thesauri. Assuming that single language-pair-independent methods such as
frequency-based ones have reached their limitations and that a
language-pair-dependent method used in combination with other methods shows
promise, the authors propose the following approach: (a) Extract translation
pairs based on transliteration patterns; (b) remove the pairs from among the
candidate words; (c) extract translation pairs based on word frequency from the
remaining candidate words; and (d) generate bilingual clusters based on the
extracted pairs using a graph-theoretic method. The proposed method has been
found to be significantly more effective than other methods.
105.
Vickery, B. and Vickery, A.,
"Online search interface design.". Journal of Documentation,
Vol. 49, No. 2, 1993, pp. 103-187.
Descriptores
: Interación hombre-máquina/Búsquedas bibliográficas/Redes
de ordenadores/Búsquedas bibliográficas/Programas informáticos/Bases de datos
/Diseño/Interfaces/Semántica /Descriptores/Necesidades de información/Sistemas
de información/Estrategia de búsqueda/Estrategia de
búsqueda/Multiculturalismo/Multilingüismo
Resumen:
Discusses the design of interfaces for online systems and
suggests requirements that must be met to offer maximum aid to inexperienced
users. Highlights include the online search process, user data, query
processing, database descriptors, semantic links, multilingual processing,
search strategies, and distributed systems. A 20-page bibliography and an index
of software are included.
Recruitment theory considers the relative importance of a range
of factors (i.e., individuals, experiences, and other factors) in the decisions
of those who select a profession, a professional specialty, and a specific
employer. This study of the recruitment of bilingual librarians is based on a
survey of the membership of REFORMA (The National Association to Promote Library
Services to the Spanish Speaking). The data reflect the factors that influenced
the career decision making of current library and information professionals who
are, in the main, bilingual and Hispanic, as well as the factors influencing
potential retention decisions. The research results indicate the importance of
factors, such as entering a service profession and the desire to serve the
Spanish-speaking community, in particular. As is the case with the prior (and
limited) recruitment research in the profession, this article provides insights
in terms of recruitment strategies for bilingual librarians who serve this
segment of the population. While the research relates to a growing segment of
the U.S. population, with its demographic complexity and range of information
needs, implications, which are applicable to other language groups, bilingual
circumstances, and other countries, are considered, as well.
Le Cameroun étant l’une des nations les plus multilingues
au monde, il s’y est toujours posé le problème du choix des langues de travail,
quel que soit le domaine d’activité examiné. Dans cette contribution, nous
examinons la manière dont les confessions religieuses exerçant dans la capitale
camerounaise, utilisatrices par excellence de l’instrument linguistique,
s’adaptent au plurilinguisme urbain à travers l’application de différents
modèles qui illustrent chacun une politique linguistique potentielle. Le premier
modèle s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une politique linguistique extravertie qui
favorise les langues étrangères et n’accorde aucune place aux langues locales
dans les églises. Le second modèle impose une langue nationale aux côtés des
langues occidentales, ceci sans considération aucune de l’existence des autres
langues nationales ; ce second modèle participe certes d’une politique
linguistique introvertie, mais il dessert la majorité des langues locales. Le
troisième et dernier modèle appliqué tente de promouvoir les langues locales
majeures aux côtés des langues officielles ; ce modèle semble s’inscrire dans le
cadre d’une politique linguistique introvertie qui déstructure l’État-nation
camerounais actuel et préfigure un État post-moderne.
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